¥@¬É½Ã¥Í²Õ´¬Ì±¡¶g³ø
¤H¯b¦@¦P¯e¯f¸ê®Æ±M¿è
18
¿½´IÂ×½sĶ
¡@
²Ä¤Q¤»³¡ ¤HÃþ©M°Êª«ªº¹«¬Ì ( Human and Animal Plague )
¬ü°ê ¡X¡X 1970 ¦~¡A¬ü°ê³ø¾É¡G¦³ 13 ¤Hªº¸¢¹«¬Ì¯f¨Ò¬ö¿ý¡A¨ä»P¼ÉÅS¦b¶m§ø¦³Ãö¡C1971 ¦~¦P©w¥X 2 ¥ó¡A1972 ¦~¦³¤@¥ó¡C±µµÛ¨ì 1973 ¦~ªº 6 ¤ë 1 ¤é§¡µL¯f¨Ò³ø§i¡C¹«¬Ì¦b³¥¥Í¹«±Ú¤¤ÁÙ¬O«Ü²s¼û¡A¦b¹L¥h¥H¤U¦U¦{¤HÃþªº¯f¨Ò¤´µM«Ü¦h¦p¡Gªü§Q®á¨º¡B¥[¦{¡B·s¾¥¦èô©M¬ìù©Ô¹F¦{¡C1973 ¦~¡A¤À§O¦b¥[¦{ 3 Ó°¾»÷ªº°p Siskiyou , Tulare¡A©M Riverside ³ø¾É³¥¥Í¹«±Úªº¬y¦æ©Ê°Êª«¹«¬Ì¡C¦b Lava Beds °ê®a¥jÂÝ¡ASiskiyou °p¡A©ó 3 ¤ë¶¡¦P©w¥X¾ð¹«¤¤¦³¬y¦æ¯f¡A¦b¥[¦{¬F©²¹ê¬IÂδCºÞ¨î±¹¬I¤§«e¡A¢¨Ï¼È®ÉÃö³¬®È¹C³]³Æ¡C¥t¥~·s¾¥¦èô¦{±µªñ Siskiyou ªº San Juan °p¡A¦b Gunnison ªº¤g¼·¹«¶¡¦³°Êª«¬y¦æ¯f¡A¦b 5,000 ^¯aªº½d³ò¸Ì¡A¤w±o¨ìÂδCºÞ¨îªº®ÄªG¡A¬°¤F¬On«OÅ@ Navajo ªº©~¥Á¡C³oÓ±¡ªp¬Oª½±µ»P 1971 ~ 1972 ¦~¬ìù©Ô¹F¦{¦è«n¤è¤§¤g¼·¹«ªº¬y¦æ¯f¦³Ãö¡A¦b«n Ute ¦L¦a¦w«O¯d°Ï¡AL a¡VPlate °p¡ACurecanti °ê®a¤½¶é¡AGunnison °p¡A¬ìù©Ô¹F¦{¡A¹ê¬Iºò«æÂδCºÞ¨î¡C
¦Û±q 1963 ¦~ªü§Q®á¨º¦{ªF¥_¤èªº¾Fªñ¦a°Ï¡A¬ìù©Ô¹F¦{¦è«n¤è¡AµS¥L¦{ªF«n¤è´N¤wµo¥Í¤g¼·¹«ªº¹«¬Ì¬y¦æ¯f¡C¨ä¤À§G°Ï°ì´N¹³ Navajonian Biome ¦³¥ÍºA¾Ç¤Wªº¯S¼x¡C¦¦b 1963 ¦~¡A¦³ 12 ¥ó»P¤g¼·¹«¦³Ãöªº¤HÃþ¯f¨Ò¦b¸Ó¦a°Ïµo¥Í¹L¡A¤j¦h¼Æ¬O¦b Navajo ¦L¦a¦w«O¯d°Ï¡C
¦b¬ìù©Ô¹F¦{ªº¦è«n¤è¡A¹L¥h¼Æ¦~¸Ì¡A¬¥ÁF¤sªº¦è³¡±×©Y¦a¤g¼·¹«¤j¶qªº¼W¥[¡AP¨Ï¼ç¦bªº°ÝÃDÂX¤j°_¨Ó¡A¯S§O¬O¦b Cortez , Durango ©M Mesa Verde °ê®a¥jÂݵ¥¦a°Ï¡C¦b¬ìù©Ô¹F¦{ Montezuma °pªº Cortez «°¥«¸Ì±ªº¤g¼·¹«¨ä¼Æ¥Ø¤ñ¤H¤fÁÙ¦h¡C¦a¤è©M¦{¬F©²¥¿p¹º¹w¨¾©ÊªºÂδCºÞ¨î¤u§@¡A¥H®ø´î°DÃþ©M´î¤Ö¤g¼·¹«ªº¼Æ¥Ø¡C
ìµÛªÌµù¡G¦b³oÓ°ê®a¡A¤HÃþ©M°Êª«ªº¹«¬Ì¡A¤w³Q±±¨î¨ì³o¼Ëªºµ{«×¡G¥Ø«e¥Dn¬O¶m§ø¡B¯î³¥¦a°Ïªº°ÝÃD¦Ó·¥¤Ö³]p°w¹ï¥«°Ï¤¤¤ßªºp¹º¡A³o¶µ¤u§@¬O¦b¥»¥@¬öªº¦´Á©Ò§@ªº¡C¸Ó¯e¯f¬O´²µo©Ê¦Ó¥B¤£´¶¹M¡A¤HÃþªº¹«¬Ì´N¬O¦p¦¹³Q©¿²¤©Î¶EÂ_¿ù»~¡C¦]¨Ï¥Î§Ü¥Í¯À´X¥i¹F¨ìÀø®Ä¡A³¥¥Í°Êª«¹«¬Ì¥Ø«e±¡¶Õªº°l»{©M¤HÃþ¼ÉÅS¤§¥²µMªº¼ç¶Õ¦Ó´£¨Ñ¤F¥iºÃªº¸ê®Æ¡A©M´x´¤´²µo©Ê¯f¨Òªº°ò¦¡C
( Ķ¦Û WHO. WER. No. 34 24 Aug. 1973 Human & Animal Plague )
¡@
²Ä¤Q¤C³¡ ¹«~´C¤¶¯e¯f©M¹ª«¤¤¬r·§½× ( An Outline of Food borne Disease and Food Poisoning )
¡@
¤@¡N«e¨¥¡G
¹«~±`¬O³\¦h¶Ç¬V¯fªº¶Ç¼½´C¤¶ ( Vehicle of transmission )¡A±`¨£ªº¶Ç¬V¯f¬°¶Ë´H¡B°Æ¶Ë´H¡B§Ó¶P¤óµß¯g¡BÃì²yµß©Ê«|ª¢ ( Streptococcal pharygitis¡Fseptic sore throat ) ¥Õ³ï¡B¥¬¤ó±ìµß¯g¡B¯f¬r©Ê¨xª¢¡Bªü¦Ì¤Úµg¯e¡BÀN¶Ã¡B±Û¤òÂίg©M¨ä¥LªºÄ¯ÂηP¬V¡C¥H¤W¯e¯f³q±`¤£Âk¯Ç¬°¹ª«¤¤¬r¡C
¨Ì¾Ú¬Ì±¡¶g³ø¹ª«´C¤¶¯e¯fªº¸ê®Æ¡A¦Û 1972 ~ 1975 ¦~¦b¬ü°ê¸g½T©w¯f쪺¹«~´C¤¶¯e¯f¡A·§¤À¬°¥|¤jÃþ¡G
(¤@)²Óµß©Ê¡G
1. Bacills cereus¡C
2. B. hinshawii¡C
3. Brucella sp.
4. Clostridium botulinum¡C
5. C. perfringens¡C
6. Salmonella sp.
7.Shigella sp.
8. Staphylococcus sp.
9. Group A Streptococcus sp.
10. Vibrio cholera¡C
11. V. parahemolyticus¡C
12. Suspect Group D Streptococcus sp.
(¤G)¤Æ¾Ç©Ê ( Chemical )
1.«ª÷ÄÝ ( Heavy metals )
2.³½¦×¬r ( Ciguatoxin )
3.ªe³b¬r¯À¤¤¬r ( Puffer fish¡Ftetrodotoxin )
4.ÄJ²Õ³J¥Õ¤¤¬r ( Scombrotoxin )
5.³Á®ò»Ä¶u¤¤¬r ( Monosodium glutamate )
6.Åðµß¬r¯À¤¤¬r ( Mycotoxin poison )
7.³Â·ô©Ê¨©Ãþ¤¤¬r ( Paralytic shellfish poison )
8.¯«¸g©Ê¬r¨©Ãþ¤¤¬r ( Neurotoxic shellfish poison )
9.¨ä¥L¤Æ¾Çª«½è ( Miscellaneous chemicals )
(¤T)±H¥ÍÂÎ©Ê ( Parasitic )
1.±Û¤òÂÎ ( Trichinella spiralis )
2.¤}ÂÎ ( Toxoplasma gondii )
3.Anisakidae
4.¼s¸`µõÀY±øÂÎ ( Diphllobothrium latum )
(¥|)¯f¬r©Ê ( Viral )¡G
1.A«¬¨xª¢ ( Hepatitis A )
2.B«¬¨xª¢ ( Hepatitis B¡A³Ìªñ¸ê®ÆÅã¥Ü B«¬¨xª¢¤]¥i¸g¤f·P¬V )
¤G¡N©w¸q¡G
¹«~©Î¶¼®Æ³Q²Óµß©Î²Óµß©Ò²£¥Íªº¬r¯À©Ò¦Ã¬V¡A¤HÌÄṫá·|§e²{¯gª¬ªÌ¡A·§ºÙ¤§¹ª«¤¤¬r¡C
Ãzµo¹ª«¤¤¬rªº½T»{¡A©¹©¹¬O¤@¸s¤H¦bµu®É¶¡¤º¬ðµMµo¥Í¬ÛÃþ¦üªº¯fª¬¡A¦Ó³o¨Ç±wªÌ´¿¸g³£ÄṦP¼Ëªº¹ª«¡C¦ý²Óµß©Ê¹«~´C¤¶¯e¯f¦³³¡¥÷¬°¹ª«¤¤¬r¡C§^¤H°Q½×¹ª«¤¤¬r¡A¥]¬A¨â¤jÃþ¡G¤@¬°¹«~·P¬V ( Food infection )¡A¨ä¬°¨Fªù¤ó±ìµß¯g ( Salmonellosis )¡C«æ©Ê¨F¤ó±ìµß¯g³q±`ÂkÃþ¬°¹ª«¤¤¬r¡A¦ý¨ä¸z¹Dªº«æ©Ê·P¬V¡A»·³Ó©ó¤¤¬r¡C¥t¤@¬°²Óµß©Ê¤¤¬r¯g ( bacterial intoxications ) ¦p¦×¬r¤¤¬r ( Botulism ) ©M¸²µå²yµß©Ê¹ª«¤¤¬r ( Staphylococcal food poisoning )¡A¥H¤Î Vibrio parahemolyticus , Bacillus cereus , Clostridium perfringens ( Cl. welchii ) ©Ò¤Þ°_ªº¹ª«¤¤¬r¯g¡C
¤T¡N¦U½× ( ²¤ )
(¤@)¨Fªù¤ó±ìµß¯g
(¤G)¦×¬r¤¤¬r
(¤T)¸²µå²yµß©Ê¹ª«¤¤¬r¡C
(¥|)Vibrio parahemolyticus food poisoning.
(¤)Bacillus cereus food poisoning.
(¤»)Clostridium perfringens ( Cl. welchii ) food poisoning.
¥|¡Nµ²½×¡G
1.¦]Äṯf¬r¦Ã¬Vªº¹ª«¡A¦Óµo¥Í¬y¦æ©Ê¤§äú¤ß¡B¹Ã¦RªÌ¤£¯à»P¹ª«¤¤¬r¬Û²V²c¡C
2.¹ª«¤¤¬rªº¶EÂ_³£¬O¾a¬y¦æ¯f¾Ç¤Wªºµo²{¡C²@µLºÃ°Ýªº¤]·|¦³¹ª«¤¤¬rªº³æ¤@¯f¨Ò¡A«h¨ä½T¶E´N¦³§xÃø¡A°£«D¦³©úÅ㪺Á{§É¯gÔ¸s¦p¦×¬r¤¤¬rªÌ¡C
3.¨F¤ó±ìµß¯g©M¸²µå²yµß©Ê¹ª«¤¤¬r³£¦b®L©uµo¥Í¬°¦h¡A¨äì¦]¬O·Å·xªº®ð·Å¡A³Ì¾A©ó¸Óµ¥¯fìµß¦b¥¼§NÂ꺹«~¤Wµo¨|¡BÁc´Þ¡C
4.¬r¯À¦b·L¥Íª«¾Ç¤Wªº©w¸q¡G¬°²Óµßªº²£ª«¡A¬O¤@ºØ³J¥Õ½è©Îµ²¦X©Ê³J¥Õª«½è¡A¹ï¨ä¥L¦³©ö·P©Êªº°Êª«¡A¤H¦³P¬r§@¥Î¡A¨Ãµo¥Í¯fª¬¡C
5.¤µºK¿ý¬r¯Àªº§@¥Î¡B¨Ó·½¡B¬r¯À¦WºÙ¥H¸ê°Ñ¦Ò ( ¶È»P¹ª«¤¤¬r¦³ÃöªÌ )¡G
¬r ¯À ªº §@ ¥Î | ¨Ó ·½ | ¬r ¯À ¦W ºÙ |
·» ¦å §@ ¥Î | St. aureus , Cl. perfringens | alpha , beta , gamma , delta , theta hemotoxins alpha toxins ( lecithinase ¨ÈÁC¯×úA ) |
¨Ï¹êÅç°Êª«P¦º | Cl. perfringens St. aureus | P¦º©Ê¬r¯À |
¨Ï²Õ´Ãa¦º | Cl. perfringens St. aureus | Ãa¦º©Ê¬r¯À |
µo¥Í¯S©w¯«¸g¯gª¬ | Cl. botulinum , Shigella dysenteriae | ¯«¸g¬r¯À |
±þ¦º¥Õ¦å²y | St. aureus | ±þ¥Õ¦å²y¯À |
®ø¤Æ½¦ì³J¥Õ | Cl. perfringens | ½¦ì³J¥ÕúA |
6.¨F¤ó±ìµß¬r¯À¬O¤@ºØ¤º¬r¯À ( Endotoxin )¡A¦b¨C¤@ºØ¨F¤ó±ìµß§¡¥iµo²{¤§¡C¤]´N¬O©Ò¿×Åé§Üì ( Somatic O antigen )¡C
¤¡N°Q½×¡G
¹ª«¤¤¬r¬J«D°ê»ÚÀˬ̪k©w¶Ç¬V¯f¡A¤]«D§Ú°êªk©w¶Ç¬V¯f©Î³ø§i¶Ç¬V¯f¡A¦ý¨ä¬°®`¤§¼@¡A¨ì¥Ø«e¬°¤î¡A¤D¬O¥@¬É¦U°ê¤½»{ªº§xÂZ¡C
¼Ú¬üÂå¾Ç¥ý¶i°ê®a¡A¨ä°ê¥Á¥Í¬¡¤ô·Ç¤§°ª¡A½Ã¥Í±ø¥ó¤§Àu²§¡A¹«~¿¯¹½Ã¥Í¤]·¥¨äÀu¨}¡B¦Ò¨s¡CµM¹ª«¤¤¬r¨Æ¥ó¤]¬O¼h¥X¤£½a¡C§^¤H±ý¨D¨ä´î§C¨ì³Ì§C«×ªºÃzµo¦¸¼Æ¤Î¯f¨Ò¤§µo¥Í¡A¶·±q¦h¤è±µÛ¤â¡Cì«h¤W¥H´¶¤Î°ê¤H½Ã¥Í±`ÃÑ¡A§ïµ½¥Í¬¡²ß«U¡F¯d·N³ø¯È¤Wµn¸ü¹ª«¤¤¬r¨Æ¥óªº®ø®§¡C
®ø´î¹ª«¤¤¬r¤]¦³¨ä§xÃø¡A¥H¦×¬r¤¤¬r¬°¨Ò¡F²Ä¤@¡B·í¤¤¬r®É¡A§^¤H¤£ª¾¦p¦ó¿ë§O©M¶EÂ_¥¦¬O¦]¦ó¦Ó¤¤¬r¡Aªì´Áªº¶H¼x¡A½Ñ¦p¸¡³¡µ±µh¡BÀYµh¡A¤@¯ë¨Å餣¾Aªº·Pıµ¥¡A¥i¯à«Ü®e©ö³Q±wªÌ©MÂå¥Í»~¶E¡C²Ä¤G¡B¤H̤£ª¾¹D¬°¤°»ò¦×¬r¤¤¬r·|µo¥Í¡C²Ä¤T¡B¥Ø«e¥xÆW¦×¬r¤¤¬r§Ü¬r¯À©|¥¼´¶¹M¨ÑÀ³¡C
¡@
²{¥N¯b´Þ²Ä¤Q¥|¶°( 69¦~ 7 ~ 12¤ë )¡B69¦~11¤ë¸¹ ( 49 ~ 51 )
¡@
¡@
Copyright © 1998 Z¸s®n¯bªªºô.
¥»ºô¯¸¹Ï¤å«YÄÝZ¸s®n¦³¤½¥q¡A¤º¤å¤§ª©Åv¬°¸ÓÂø»xªÀ©Ò
¦³¡A«D¸g¥»¤½¥q¤Î¸ÓÂø»xªÀ¥¿¦¡®Ñ±¦P·N¡A¤£±o±N¥þ³¡©Î³¡¤À¤º®e¡A
Âà¸ü©ó¥ô¦ó§Î¦¡´CÅé
¡° ³Ì¨Î¸ÑªR«× 800x600
Copyright © 1998
MiobufferCo., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Unauthorized copying and reproduction is prohibited. All trademarks property of their
respective holders.