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¾G¥Ã²»(1)     ªL¨|¦w(1)    §õ¼w«n(1)     §d»²¯§(1)

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(1)°ê¥ß©yÄõ¹A¤u±M¬ì¾Ç®Õ¯b²£¬ì¡C

ºK   ­n¡G

        ¤ô¦X¶u¶tª¿»Ä¾T(HSCAS)¬°²V¦X¹}®Æ¨Ï¥Î¤§§Üµ²¶ô¾¯¡A²K¥[©ó¤gµfÀn¹}³¤¤¡A¥Hµû¦ô¨ä¹ï¤gµfÀn¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¯g¤§§ïµ½®ÄªG¡C¸ÕÅç¨Ï¥Î400°¦¤gµfÀn¤À¦¨¤­³B²z²Õ¡A¶ÀÄT¬r¯À(AFB1) 0 ppb¡Ï0¢H HSCAS (¹ï·Ó²Õ)¡AAFB1 0 ppb¡Ï2¢H HSCAS¡AAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï0¢HHSCAS¡AAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï0.5¢H HSCAS¡AAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï2¢H HSCAS¡A±Ä°ª§ÉÄæ¹}¡A¸ÕÅ笰´Á21¤Ñ¡C¸ÕÅç¹}³²Ê³J¥Õ½è¬°18.8¢H¡A¥NÁ¯ର2880 kcal¡þkg¡A¸ÕÅç´Á¶¡¹}®Æ¤Î¶¼¤ô§¡¦Û¥Ñ±Ä­¹¡CÀn°¦¨C¶g¯¯­«¤@¦¸¡A¸ÕÅçµ²§ô®É±Ä¦å¨Ã´ú©w¤ß¡B¨x¡BµÊ¡B¯ØŦ­«¶q¡C

        AFB1 400ppb¡Ï0% HSCAS²Õ¦b°¦¤é±Ä­¹¶q¡B¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²v¤Î¥­§¡¨C¤é¼W­«ÅãµÛ¸û¨ä¥L¦U³B²z²Õ¬°®t(P¡Õ0.05¡A¦ý§tAFB1 0ppb¡Ï2¢H HSCAS©ÎAFB1 400ppb¡Ï2¢H HSCAS»P¹ï·Ó²Õ¤ñ¸û®É¡AµLÅãµÛ®t²§¡C¦å¤¤GPT¤ÎGOT¬¡©Ê¡A¥HAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï0¢HHSCASÅãµÛ°ª©óAFB1 0 ppb¡Ï 2¢H HSCAS¤Î¹ï·Ó²Õ¡C¥BAFB1 400ppb¡Ï0.5¢H HSCAS¡BAFB1 400ppb¡Ï 2¢H HSCAS»P¹ï·Ó²Õ¶¡¥çµLÅãµÛ®t²§¡C¬Û¹ïŦ¾¹­«¶q¤è­±¡AAFB1 400ppb¡Ï0¢H HSCAS¤§¤ß¡B¨x¡BµÊ¡B¯ØŦ§¡§eÅãµÛ(P¡Õ0.05)¸ûAFB1 0ppb¡Ï2¢H HSCAS¡B¹ï·Ó²Õ¤ÎAFB1 400ppb¡Ï2¢H HSCAS¬°­«¡A¦ýAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï0.5¢HHSCAS©ó¤ß¡B¨x¡BµÊŦ­«¶q¤´¸û2¢H HSCAS©M¹ï·Ó²Õ¬°­«¡C¶ÀÄT¬r¯ÀB1²Õ´´Ý¯d¤è­±¡A¦b¯Ý¦Ù¤¤¦U³B²z²Õ§¡¶q¤ÖµLªkÀË¥X¡A¨xŦ¤¤¶ÈAFB1 400ppb¡Ï0¢H HSCAS²Õ¤ÎAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï0.5¢H HSCAS²Õ¥i´ú±o·L¶q¶ÀÄT¬r¯ÀB1ªº´Ý¯d¡C¥Ñµ²ªGµo²{¹}®Æ¤¤0.5¢H HSCAS¥i¥H­°§C400ppb AFB1¹ï¤gµfÀnªº¬r®`¡A¦Ó²K¥[2¢H HSCAS¥i¥H§ïµ½¦Ü»P¹ï·Ó²ÕµL®t²§¡CHSCAS¤£¶È¥i¥H§@¬°¹}®Æ§Üµ²¶ô¾¯¡A¥ç¥i§@¬°¤gµfÀn¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¤¤¬r¹w¨¾ºÞ²z¤§±¶®|(ÃöÁä»y¡G¤ô¦X¶u¶tª¿»Ä¾T¡B¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¯g¡B¤gµfÀn)¡C

ºü   ¨¥

        ¶ÀÄT¬r¯À(Aflatoxins)¬O¤@¸s·¥¬rªº¤Æ¾Çª«½è¡A¥Ñ¶ÀÄTµßÄݤ¤Aspergillus flavus©MAspergillus parasiticus©Ò²£¥Íªº¤G¦¸©Ê¥NÁ²£ª«¡A¨ä¤¤¥H¶ÀÄT¬r¯ÀB1³Ì¬°´¶¹M¥B¬r©Ê³Ì±j¡C¶ÀÄTµß¼sªx¦s¦b©ó¦ÛµM¬É¤¤¡A©ö¦Ã¬V½\ª«¾É­P°Êª«ºC©Ê¼ÉÅS©ó¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¤¤¡C¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¹ï®a¸V©Ò³y¦¨¤§¬r®`¡A¶¡±µ¼vÅT®a¸V¥Í²£¤§§Q¼í(Jones et al., 1982¡FHamilton, 1984)¡CÀn°¦¹ï¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¤§·P¨ü©Ê¬Æ°ª¡A¥HÂúÀn¤§·P¨ü©Ê³Ì±j¡A¬G¦­´Á´¿¥HÂúÀn°µ¬°¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¤§¥Íª«ÀË©w(bioassay)(Asplin and Carnaghan, 1961)¡C

        ·í¹}®Æ¤¤¦Ã¬V¶ÀÄT¬r¯À®É¡A¥h¬rªº¤èªk»á¦h¡F¦ý¦Ü¤µ¤´µL¤@¥i¥H¹F¨ì¤j¶q³B²z¥B¸gÀ٤ιê»Ú¤§¥i¦æ¤èªk(Doyle et al., 1982¡FNorred, 1982)¡Aªñ¨Ó¨Ï¥Î¤@ºØ«DÀç¾i©Ê§lªþ¾¯¡A¤ô¦X¶u¶tª¿»Ä¾T(hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, HSCAS)¨Ó±±¨î©Î©M¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¦Ã¬V¤§¹}®Æ¹ï®a¯b¸V©Ò³y¦¨ªº¬°®`¡C¦¹§lªþ¾¯À³¥Î¦bÂû(Scheideler, 1993)¡B½Þ(Harvey et al., 1989)¡B¦Ï(Harvey et al., 1991)¡B¤õÂû(Kubena et al., 1991)µ¥§¡¥i§ïµ½¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¤§¬r®`¡A¦¹ºØ¿ï¾Ü©Ê¤§¤Æ¾Ç§lªþ¾¯¡A¥i¦b¸z¹D¤º»P¶ÀÄT¬r¯Àºò±Kµ²¦X§Î¦¨Ã­©w¤§HSCAS¡þAflatoxin½Æ¦Xª«¡A±q¦Ó­°§C¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¤§¥Íª«¥i§Q¥Î©Ê(Phillips et al., 1988)¡CKubena et al. (1990a¡F1991)«ü¥XHSCAS¥i­°§CAFB1¹ï¥Õ¦×Âû¤Î¤õÂûÂú¤§¥Íªø§í¨î§@¥Î»P¦º¤`²v¡A¾Ú¦ô­p¨C²@§JHSCAS¥i»P483nmªºAFB1µ²¦X¡C¤gµfÀn¬O¥»¬Ù³Ì­«­n¤§¦×¥ÎÀnºØ¡AÂâ¨Ó®ø¶OªÌ¤§«~½è·NÃÑ´¶¹M©ïÀY¡A¹ï¦×«~¤§¦w¥þ½Ã¥Í¬Û·í±Ó·P¡C¬G¥»¸ÕÅç§Y±´°Q¤gµfÀnÁý¹}¶ÀÄT¬r¯À®É¡A¹}³¤¤HSCAS¥i§_´£¨Ñ½Ñ¦p¹ï¨ä¥L®a¯b¸V¤§«OÅ@®ÄªG¤Î¨ä¹ï²Õ´¤¤¶ÀÄT¬r¯À´Ý¯d¶qªº¼vÅT¡C

§÷®Æ»P¤èªk

¤@¡B¸ÕÅç°Êª«»P¤Î¼Ë«~³B²z

        ¸ÕÅç¤gµfÀnÂú¬°Áʦ۰ӷ~©Ê¹å¤Æ³õ¤§¤@¤éÄÖÂúÀn¡A¿ï¾ÜÅé­«ªñ¥B¬¡¤O¨ÎªÌ¡A³{¾÷¤À°t¦Ü¤­³B²z²Õ¡G¶ÀÄT¬r¯À0 ppb¡Ï0¢H HSCAS (¹ï·Ó²Õ)¡F¶ÀÄT¬r¯À0 ppb¡Ï2¢H HSCAS ¡F¶ÀÄT¬r¯À400 ppb¡Ï0¢H HSCAS¡F¶ÀÄT¬r¯À400 ppb¡Ï0.5¢H HSCAS¡F¶ÀÄT¬r¯À400 ppb¡Ï2¢H HSCAS¡A¨C²Õ¥|­«½Æ¡A¨C­«½Æ20°¦¡A¤½¥À¦U¥b ¡C¸ÕÅçÀn°¦¹}©óºôª¬°ª§É¡A¨CÄæ©ñ¸m¤@ 250 W¬õ¥~½u¿Oªw¤©¥H«O·Å¡C¸ÕÅç´Á0¡ã3¶gÄÖ¡A¸ÕÅç´Á¶¡¹}®Æ©M¶¼¤ô§¡¦Û¥Ñ±Ä­¹¡C¸ÕÅç¹}³§t³J¥Õ½è18.8¢H¡F¥NÁ¯à2880 kcal¡þkg (ªí1)¡C¶ÀÄT¬r¯À»PHSCAS§¡ª½±µ¥~¥[©ó¸ÕÅç¹}³¡C

ªí¤@   ¸Õ        Åç         °ò        ¦          ¹}        ³         ²Õ        ¦¨

Table  1.   Composition    of     basal    diet.

­ì                               ®Æ Ingredient ¢H
¥É  ¦Ì  ¯»

¤j  ¨§  ¯» (44¢H)

³½        ¯» (60¢H)

¾¢        ¥Ö

ÁC»Ä²B¶t

¥Û¦Ç¥Û¯»

¤j  ¨§  ªo

­¹¡@¡@ÆQ

L-Â÷Ói»Ä

DL-¥Ò²¸Ói»Ä

´â¤ÆÁxÆP¡A50¢H

ºû¥Í¯À¹w²Vª«A

Äqª«½è¹w²Vª«A

¦X        ­p

Ground corn

Soybean meal, 44%

Fish meal, 60%

Wheat branl

Dicalcium phosphate

Limestone, pulverized

Soybean oil

Salt

L-Lysine

DL-methionine

Choline chloride, 50%

Vitamin premix A

Mineral premix A

Total

63.80

24.50

3.00

5.00

1.30

0.75

0.60

0.30

0.10

0..07

0.08

0.30

0.20

100.00

¦ô­p­È

²Ê³J¥Õ½è¡A¢H

¥NÁ¯à¡Akcal¡þkg

§t²¸Ói°ò»Ä¡A¢H

¶t¡A¢H

¦³®ÄÁC¡A¢H

Calcutated value

Crude protein, %

ME, kcal/kg

Sulfur amino acid, %

Calcium, %

Available phosphorus, %

¡@

18.8

2880

0.73

0.86

0.50

A¨C¤½¤ç¹}³²K¥[:Vitamin A 8000 IU; Vitamin D3 1200IU; Vitamin E 10 IU; Vitamin K 2mg;Thiamin 2mg;Riboflavin 5mg;Pyridoxin, 0.2mg;Vitamin B12 0.03mg;Ca-Pantothenate 10mg;Niacin 50mg; Biotin 0.1mg; Folic acid 0.5mg; Choline 300mg; Mn 50mg; Zn 60mg; Cu 10mg, Se 0.15mg;Fe 80mg.

        ¸ÕÅç´Á¶¡¨C¶g¯¯­«¤@¦¸¡A¸ÕÅçµ²§ô®É±Ä¦å¡A¸g»·¤ß¤ÀÂ÷«á¦å²M¨Ñ¦å²G¥Í¤Æ¾Ç¤ÀªR¡A¦å²M¸g¦å²G¥Í¤Æ¤ÀªR»ö(Hitachi, 705)¤ÀªR¦å²M¤¤¾¢Ói¯ó¾L»ÄÂàÓiúA(Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase¡FGOT)¡B¾¢Ói¤þ଻ÄÂàÓiúA(Glutamate pyruvate transaminase¡FGPT)¡BÆP©ÊÁC»ÄúA(Alkaline phosphatase¡FALP)¤§¬¡©Ê¤ÎÁ`Áx¬õ½è(Total bilirubin)¿@«×¡AÀn°¦¸g±O®_¡B­å¸¡¡A°O¿ý¤ßŦ¡B¨xŦ¡BµÊŦ¡B¯ØŦ¤§­«¶q¡C¥t¨ú¥k¸­¨xŦ¤@¤p¶ô¤Î¥k¯Ý¦Ù¨Ñ²Õ´´Ý¯d¶q¤ÀªR¡C

¤G¡B¶ÀÄT¬r¯À²£»s¤Î²Õ´´Ý¯d¶q¤ÀªR

        ¶ÀÄT¬r¯À²Ê»s«~¤§²£»s«Yºî¦XShotwell et al. (1966)¡FSmith and Hamilton (1969)¤ÎWest et al. (1973)¤§¤èªk¡C²Ê»s«~¸g¿i¸H¡B²V¤Ã¡B±Ä¼Ë«á¥HAOAC (1984)¤èªkµÑ¨ú¤Î²M²b¤Æ«á¡A¦A¥H©Ê¯à²G¬Û¼hªRªk(HPLC)©w©Ê©w¶q¤§¡C²Ê»s«~¤¤©Ò§t¶ÀÄT¬r¯ÀB1°µ¬°¹}³²K¥[¤§¨Ì¾Ú¡C

        ¨xŦ¤Î¯Ý¦Ù¤¤¤§¶ÀÄT¬r¯ÀB1´Ý¯d¶q¡A±Ä¥ÎTarter et al. (1984)¤§ÀËÅçªkµÑ¨ú¡A¦A¥HHPLC©w¶q¤§¡C

¤T¡B²Î­p¤ÀªR

        ©Ò¦³¸ÕÅç¸ê®Æ¨Ï¥Î¤@¯ë½u©Ê¼Ò¦¡(General linear model procedure)¦æÅܤè¤ÀªR«á¡A¦A¥H¾HªÖ¤ó·s¦h¶µÅÜ°ìªk(Duncan new multiple range test)¤ñ¸û¦U²Õ¶¡¤§®t²§ÅãµÛ©Ê¡C

µ²ªG»P°Q½×

        ¤ô¦X¶u¶tª¿»Ä¾T(HSCAS)¬°¥Õ³³¤gªº¶u¶t¤Æ¦Xª«¡A¦b¬ü°ê­¹«~ÃĪ«ºÞ²z§½µn°O¬°¹}®Æ§Üµ²¶ô¾¯(anticaking agent)¡Aªñ¦~¨Ó¨Ï¥Î´¶¹M¡CSHCAS¦b¸z¹D¤¤¿ï¾Ü©Ê§lªþ¶ÀÄT¬r¯ÀB1 (AFB1)¡A´î¤Ö¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¬°°Êª«Åé©Ò§l¦¬¡CHSCAS¤§§lªþ§@¥Î¶È¹ï¶ÀÄT¬r¯À§e¯S²§©Ê§lªþ¡A¹ïT-2 toxin (Kubena et al., 1990a)¡A½êÄT¬r¯À(ochratoxin)(Huff et al., 1992)¡ADiacet oxyscirpenol (Kubena et al., 1993)µ¥§¡µL§lªþ®ÄªG¡C

        ¹}®Æ¤¤§tHSCAS»P¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¹ï0¡ã3¶gÄÖ¤gµfÀn¥Íªø©Ê¯à¤§¼vÅT¦C©óªí2¡C¸ÕÅç´Á¶¡Àn°¦°£AFB1 0 ppb¡Ï2¢HHSCAS²Õ¤ÎAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï0.5¢H HSCAS²Õ¦]°k¥X­á¦º¥~¡A¨ä¾l§¡µL¦º¤`¡C¦b°¦¤é±Ä­¹¶q¤Î¥þ´Á¥­§¡¨C¤é¼W­«¤è­±¡AAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï0¢H HSCAS²Õ§¡§eÅãµÛ(P¡Õ0.05)¸û¨ä¥L¦U³B²z²Õ¬°®t¡CAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï2¢H HSCAS²Õ°¦¤é±Ä­¹¶q¡B¥þ´Á¥­§¡¨C¤é¼W­«¤Î¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²v»P¹ï·Ó²Õ¶¡µLÅãµÛ®t²§¡AAFB1 400ppb¡Ï0.5¢H HSCAS²Õ°£¥þ´Á¥­§¡¤é¼W­«¸û¹ï·Ó²Õ¬°®t(P¡Õ0.05)¤§¥~¡A¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²v»P¹ï·Ó²Õ¶¡¨ÃµLÅãµÛ®ÄªG¡C¥­§¡¤é¼W­«ÀHµÛ¶gÄÖ¼W¥[¡AAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï2¢H HSCAS²Õ¦³§ïµ½ªº®ÄªG¡CAFB1 0 ppb¡Ï2¢H HSCAS²Õ¥Íªø©Ê¯à¼vÅT»P¹ï·Ó²Õ¶¡§¡µLÅãµÛ®t²§¡C¾ÚHarvey et al. (1989)¤§³ø§i«ü¥X¤é³¤¤²K¥[0.5¢H HSCAS©Î2¢H HSCAS§¡¥i§ïµ½¹}®Æ¤¤AFB1 (3ppm)©Ò³y¦¨½Þ°¦ªº¬r®`¡A¦ý¥H2¢H HSCAS®ÄªG¸û¨Î¡C¦¹»P¥»¸ÕÅ礧µ²ªG¤@­P¡CKubena et al. (1990a)¥H¦×Âû(0¡ã3)¤§¹êÅçµo²{0.5¢H HSCAS¥i¥H§ïµ½7.5 ppm AFB1©Ò¾É­P°¦¤é¼W­«©M¹}®Æ§Q¥Î²vÅÜ®tªº±¡§Î¡A¦ýÃB¥~²K¥[0.5¢H¬¡©Ê¬´(charcoal)«oµL«OÅ@®ÄªG¡CHSCAS¤§«OÅ@¾÷¨î¥i¯à¬°¶ÀÄT¬r¯ÀB©ÎG¨t¦C(AFB1¡AB2¡AB2a¡AG1¡AG2¡AG2a)§t¦³£]-¤º¯×Àô(£]-ketolactone)©Î£\-Âù¤ºà­Àô(£\-bislactone)¦³¸û¨Î¤§§lªþ©Ê¡A¦Ó¥B¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¤§£]-carbonyl¨t²Î»PHSCASÃä¦ì(edge site)¤§ª÷ÄÝÂ÷¤l§Î¦¨Ã­©w¤Æ¦Xª«(Sarr et al., 1990¡F1991)©Ò­P¡C

ªí¤G ¹}³¤¤§t¤ô¦X¶u¶tª¿»Ä¾T»P¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¹ï0¡ã3¶gÄÖ¤gµfÀn¥Íªø©Ê¯à¤§¼vÅT

Table 2. Effect of HSCAS on the growth performance of mule ducklings fed diets containing aflatoxin from 0 to 3 weeks of age.

¶µ           ¥Ø    Aflatoxin,    ppb

Items   HSCAS,  ¢H

²Õ                  §O      Treatment     group ¼Ð·Ç¾÷®t

SE

0 0 400 400 400
0 2 0 0.5 2
°¦¤é±Ä­¹¶q

Daily feed intake (g¡þbird¡þday)

¥­§¡¨C¤é¼W­«

(Avg. daily gain (g¡þbird¡þday)

²Ä¤@¶g

0-1 wks

²Ä¤G¶g

1-2 wks

²Ä¤T¶g

2-3 wks

¥þ    ´Á

0-3 wks

¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²v

Food conversion (Feed/ gain)

59.13a

¡@

¡@

¡@

19.09a

¡@

38.40a

¡@

49.78a

¡@

35.76a

¡@

1.66b

¡@

59.03a

¡@

¡@

¡@

18.65a

¡@

37.35a

¡@

49.88a

¡@

35.29a

¡@

1.67b

¡@

41.33b

¡@

¡@

¡@

11.08d

¡@

13.36c

¡@

28.74c

¡@

17.73c

¡@

2.33a

¡@

57.06a

¡@

¡@

¡@

13.41c

¡@

28.60b

¡@

39.68b

¡@

27.23b

¡@

2.10ab

¡@

58.56a

¡@

¡@

¡@

16.43b

¡@

37.67a

¡@

49.12a

¡@

34.40a

¡@

1.70b

¡@

2.57

¡@

¡@

¡@

1.84

¡@

4.32

¡@

9.86

¡@

3.44

¡@

0.12

¡@

a.b.c.d.¡G¦P¦æ¤º¼Æ­È¼Ð¦³¤£¦P¦r¥ÀªÌ¡Aªí¥Ü®t²§ÅãµÛ(P¡Õ0.05)¡C

Means in the same row with different superscripts differ significantly (P¡Õ0.05).

¹}³¤¤§tHSCAS»P¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¹ï0¡ã3¶gÄÖ¤gµfÀn¬Û¹ïŦ¾¹­«¶q¤Î²Õ´´Ý¯d¶q¤§¼vÅT¦C©óªí3¡C¦b¤ßŦ¬Û¹ï­«¶q¤è­±¡AAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï0¢H HSCAS²Õ»PAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï0.5¢HHSCAS²ÕÅãµÛ¸û¨ä¥L³B²z²Õ¬°­«¡C¦ÓAFB1 400 ppb¡ÏHSCAS²Õ»PAFB1 0 ppb¡Ï0¢HHSCAS²Õ¶¡µLÅãµÛ®t²§¡A¨xŦ¤ÎµÊŦ¬Û¹ï­«¶q¡A§¡¥HAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï0¢H HSCAS²Õ³Ì°ª¡AAFB1 400ppb¡Ï0.5¢H HSCAS²Õ¹ï¨xŦ¬Û¹ï­«¶q¤§¼W¥[¨ÃµL§ïµ½®ÄªG¡A¦ýAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï2¢H HSCAS²Õ®É¹ï¨xŦ¤ÎµÊŦ§Y¦³©M½w²{¶H¡C¦b¯ØŦ¬Û¹ï­«¶q¤è­±¡A¤´¥HAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï0¢H HSCAS²ÕÅãµÛ(P¡Õ0.005)¸û¨ä¥L³B²z²Õ¬°­«¡CKubena et al. (1991)¸ÕÅç«ü¥X¡A¶ÀÄT¬r¯ÀB1 1ppm¨Ï¤õÂûÂú¤§µÇŦ¡BµÊŦ¡B«e­G¤Îµ¬­G¬Û¹ï­«¶q¼W¥[¡C¦¹¥~¡AHuff et al. (1992)¸ÕÅçÅã¥Ü½Þ°¦Áý¹}§t¶ÀÄT¬r¯ÀB1 3.5 ppm®É¦]½Þ°¦Åé­«­°§C¡A¨Ï±o¨xŦ¡BµÇ¡B«e­G¤Î¤ßŦ¬Û¹ï­«¶qÅãµÛ¼W¥[¡A·í¤é³¤¤²K¥[0.5¢H HSCAS¥i¥H§ïµ½¦¹¤@±¡§Î¡COsborne and Hamilton (1981)«ü¥XÂû°¦­¹¤J¶ÀÄT¬r¯À3ppm®Éªì©l¤ßŦ¡Bµ¬­G¡BµÊŦ¡B¯ØŦ­«¶q§¡­°§C¡F¦ý­Yªø®É´Á»P¶ÀÄT¬r¯À±µÄ²¡A¦³¯ØŦ¸~¤j¤§²{¶H¡C¦¹»P¥»¸ÕÅ礧¤gµfÀnªø´Á±µÄ²AFB1¤§µ²ªG¬Û¦ü¡C
ªí¤T ¹}   ³  ¤¤  §t  ¤ô  ¦X  ¶u  ¶t  ª¿  »Ä   ¾T  »P  ¶À  ÄT  ¬r  ¯À  ¹ï  0  ¡ã   3  ¶g  ÄÖ  ¤g  µf  Àn  ¬Û  ¹ï  Ŧ   ¾¹  ­«  ¶q  ¤Î  ²Õ  ´  ´Ý  ¯d  ¶q   ¤§  ¼v  ÅT

Table 3.   Effect    of    HSCAS    on     the    relative    organ     weight    and    aflatoxin     tissue    residue    of     mule    ducklings    fed     diets    containing    aflatoxin     from    0    to    3     weeds     of     age.

¶µ          ¥Ø  Aflatoxin,   ppb

Items HSCAS, %

²Õ                         §O   Treatment  group ¼Ð·Ç¾÷®tA

SE¡Ñ10-4

0 0 400 400 400
0 2 0 0.5 2
-¬Û¹ïŦ¾¹­«¶q (Relative organ weight) -
¤ßŦ¡þÅé­«(¡Ñ10-3)

Heart weight¡þBody weight

¨xŦ¡þÅé­«(¡Ñ10-2)

Liver weight¡þBody weight

µÊŦ¡þÅé­«(¡Ñ10-3)

Spleen weight¡þBody weight

¯ØŦ¡þÅé­«(¡Ñ10-3)

Pancreas weight¡þBody weight

6.94c

¡@

2.89b

¡@

1.05c

¡@

5.41b

¡@

7.15c

¡@

2.95b

¡@

1.21c

¡@

5.54b

¡@

11.28a

¡@

4.27a

¡@

3.74a

¡@

7.23a

¡@

9.65ab

¡@

4.10a

¡@

2.34b

¡@

6.00b

¡@

8.42bc

¡@

3.58ab

¡@

1.43c

¡@

5.80b

¡@

0.19

¡@

0.92

¡@

6.81

¡@

0.13

¡@

¡@ ¢w¢w¢w ²Õ´´Ý¯d¶q(Tissue residue) ¢w¢w¢w ¡@
¨xŦ¤§B1´Ý¯d¶q

Aflatoxin residue in lever, ppb

¯Ý¦Ù¤§B1´Ý¯d¶q

Aflatoxin residue in breast muscle, ppb

0

¡@

0

¡@

0

¡@

0

¡@

0.021

¡@

0

¡@

0.004

¡@

0

¡@

0

¡@

0

¡@

0.312

¡@

¡Ð

¡@

A ¼Æ­È¡Ñ10-4¡C

a.b.c.¡G¦P¦æ¤º¼Æ­È¼Ð¦³¤£¦P¦r¥ÀªÌ¡Aªí¥Ü®t²§ÅãµÛ(P¡Õ0.05)¡C

Means in the same row with different superscripts differ significantly (P¡Õ0.05).

        ¶ÀÄT¬r¯À§@¥Î¤§¼Ðªº¾¹©x¬°¨xŦ¡CBryden and Cumming (1980)¸ÕÅç«ü¥XÂû°¦¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¤¤¬r®É¡A¨xŦ¦³¤£¦Pµ{«×¤§¯×ªÕ®û¼í(fatty infiltration)¤Î¨x²Ó­M°h¤Æ¡CMerkley et al. (1987)»PHuff et al. (1986)§¡«üºÙªì´Á¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¯g¦]¨x²Ó­M°h¤Æ¨Ï¨x­«­°§C¡A·í«ùÁý»P¶ÀÄT¬r¯À®É¨xŦ©úÅã¸~¤j¡A¨x­«¡BÅé­«¤ñÅãµÛ´£°ª¡C

        ¦b²Õ´´Ý¯d¶q¤è­±¡A¨xŦ¤¤AFB1´Ý¯d¥HAFB1 400ppb¡Ï0¢H HSCAS²Õ³Ì°ª(0.021ppb)¡FAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï0.5¢H HSCAS²Õ¥ç¦³¤Ö¶q´Ý¯d¡C¦ÓAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï2¢HHSCAS²Õ«hµL´Ý¯d¡AÅã¥Ü2¢H HSCAS¥i¥R¤À§lªþAFB1¡C¥Ñ¦¹¤@µ²ªG±À´ú¥i¯à»PHSCAS©MAFB1¤§¶¡¾÷·|©Ê±µÄ²¦³Ãö¡C¦b¯Ý¦Ù´Ý¯d¶q¡A¦U³B²z²Õ§¡µLAFB1ÀË¥X¡C¥H¥Õ¦×Âû(¨Hµ¥¡A1987)¡B¤gµfÀn(¨Hµ¥¡A1988)»P¦³¦â¦×Âû(§dµ¥¡A1990)¤§¸ÕÅçµo²{¯Ý¦Ù¤¤µL´Ý¯d¡A¶È¨xŦ¤Ö¶q´Ý¯d¡A¦¹¥~¡F§dµ¥¤]«ü¥X¥Íªø½Þ(§dµ¥¡A1988)¤ÎªÎ¨|½Þ(§dµ¥¡A1989)Áý¹}¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¶È¨xŦ¤¤´Ý¯d¤Ö¶q¡A¦Ù¦×¥ç¥¼ÀË¥X¡C¥H¤W³ø§i»P¥»¸ÕÅ礧µ²ªG¬Û§k¦X¡C

        ¹}³¤¤§tHSCAS»P¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¹ï0¡ã3¶gÄÖ¤gµfÀn¦å²G¥Í¤Æ­È¤§¼vÅT¦C©óªí4¡C¦bÁ`Áx¬õ½è¤ÎÆP©ÊÁC»ÄúA¦U³B²z²Õ¶¡µLÅãµÛ®t²§¡A¦¹¤@µ²ªG»PKubena et al. (1990b)¤§µ²ªG¤@­P¡C¦b¾¢Ói¯ó¾L»ÄÂàÓiúA(GOT)¤Î¾¢Ói¤þ଻ÄÂàÓiúA(GPT)¬¡©Ê¤è­±¡AAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï0¢H HSCAS²Õ¤§GOT¬¡©Ê§¡°ª©ó¨ä¥L³B²z²Õ¡A¦Ó0.5¢H©Î2¢H HSCAS²K¥[§¡¥i¨£§ïµ½¤§®ÄªG¡C¦bGPT¬¡©Ê¤è­±¡AAFB1 400 ppb¡Ï0¢H HSCAS²Õ¤§GPT¬¡©Ê§¡ÅãµÛ°ª©ó¨ä¥L³B²z²Õ(P¡Õ0.05)¡A¦Ó0.5¢H©Î2¢H HSCAS²K¥[¥ç¦³§ïµ½¤§®ÄªG¡CManning et al. (1990)«ü¥X¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¨Ï±oÂû°¦¦å¤¤GPT¤ÎGOT¬¡©Ê¤É°ª¡C¥Ñ©óGPT¬°¦s©ó¨x²Ó­M¤¤¤§¯S®íÂàÓiúA¡F¨x²Ó­M¨ü·l®É¡A²Ó­M½¤³q³z©Ê¼W¥[¨Ï¦å¤¤GPT¬¡©ÊÀH¤§¤É°ª¡A¦Ó¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¹ï¨x¤§·l®`¨ã¯S²§©Ê¡A¬G¥HGPT¸û¬°±Ó·P¡CHarvey et al. (1989)¸ÕÅç³ø§i«ü¥X¶ÀÄT¬r¯À3ppmÁý»P¥Íªø½Þ¥|¶g¡AGOT¡BGPT¬¡©ÊÅãµÛ¤É°ª¡A¦Ó¤é³¤¤²K¥[0.5¢H©Î2¢H HSCAS®ÉGPT¬¡©Ê¤U­°¡C

ªí¥|   ¹}   ³    ¤¤   §t   ¤ô    ¦X   ¶u   ¶t   ª¿   »Ä    ¾T   »P   ¶À   ÄT   ¬r    ¯À   ¹ï   0   ¡ã   3    ¶g   ÄÖ   ¤g   µf   Àn    ¦å   ²G   ¥Í   ¤Æ   ­È    ¤§   ¼v   ÅT

Table 4. Effect of HSCAS on the blood biochemical index of mule ducklings fed diets containing aflatoxin from 0 to 3 weeks of age.

¶µ ¥Ø Aflatoxin, ppb

Items   HSCAS,  ¢H

²Õ                  §O      Treatment     group ¼Ð·Ç¾÷®t

SE

0 0 400 400 400
0 2 0 0.5 2
Á`Áx¬õ­È(mg¡þml)

Total bilirubin

¾¢Ói¯ó¾L»ÄÂàÓiúA

GOT* (U¡þL)

¾¢Ói¤þ଻ÄÂàÓiúA

GPT* (U¡þL)

ÆP©ÊÁC»Ä

úAALP* (U¡þL)

0.123

¡@

46.10b

¡@

39.10b

¡@

435.20

¡@

0.121

¡@

47.52b

¡@

40.47b

¡@

412.32

¡@

0.118

¡@

97.44a

¡@

63.17a

¡@

461.67

¡@

0.106

¡@

62.72ab

¡@

41.11b

¡@

450.55

¡@

0.153

¡@

67.41ab

¡@

42.94b

¡@

439.70

¡@

0.014

¡@

9.95

¡@

6.61

¡@

6.67

¡@

*GOT¡GGlutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase¡FGPT¡GGlutamatePyruvateTransaminase¡FALP¡GAlkaline Phosphatase

a.b.¡G¦P¦æ¤º¼Æ­È¼Ð¦³¤£¦P¦r¥ÀªÌ¡Aªí¥Ü®t²§ÅãµÛ(P¡Õ0.05)¡C

        Means in the same row with different superscripts differ significantly (P¡Õ0.05).

        ºî¦X¥»¸ÕÅ礧µ²ªGÅã¥Ü¡A¹}³¤¤0.5¢H©Î2¢H HSCAS¥i¥H­°§C¶ÀÄT¬r¯À400 ppb ¹ï¤gµfÀn¤§¦M®`¡A¦ý¥H2¢H HSCAS ²K¥[¶q³Ì¨Î¡A¥B¦¹¤@²K¥[¶q¹ï¤gµfÀn¤§¥Íªø©Ê¯à¨ÃµL¤£¨}¤§¼vÅT¡CChung et al. (1990)¸ÕÅç«ü¥XHSCAS¤£¼vÅT¿ø¡Bºû¥Í¯ÀA¤ÎB2¤§§l¦¬¡A¦ý·|­°§C¾Nªº§Q¥Î²v¡CChung and Baker (1990)¤]«ü¥X0.5¢H©Î2¢H HSCAS¹ï´Ó»ÄÁC©ÎµL¾÷ÁC¤§§Q¥Î¨Ã¤£¼vÅT¡C¬O§_¹ï¨ä¥LÀç¾i¤À¤§§l¦¬¦³­t­±¼vÅT¤´«Ý±´°Q¡C

»x   ÁÂ

        ¥»¸ÕÅç©Ó¦æ¬F°|°ê®a¬ì¾Ç©e­û·|¸g¶O¸É§U(HSC83-0117-C-197-007-B)¡AÂÔ¦¹­PÁ¡C

°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm

        ¨H²K´I¡BÄY®a²M¡B³¢©¾¬F¡A1987¡C¹}®Æ¤¤§t§C¿@«×¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¹ïµ£¤lÂûªº¼vÅT¡C¤¤¯b·|»x 16 (3-4)¡G63¡ã71.

        ¨H²K´I¡BÄY®a²M¡B³¢©¾¬F¡A1988¡C¹}®Æ¤¤§t§C¿@«×¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¹ï¤gµfÀn¤§¼vÅT¡C¤¤µØ¹A¾Ç·|³ø 142:67~77¡C

        §d¾ÇµØ¡BÄY®a²M¡B³¢©¾¬F¡B¨H²K´I¡A1990¡C¹}®Æ¤¤§t§C¶q¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¹ï¤p«¬¦³¦â¦×Âûªº¼vÅT¡C¤¤µØ¹A¾Ç·|³ø 150:66~73¡C

        §dÄ~ªÚ¡B¾G²M´Ë¡B´å¸q¼w¡BÄY®a²M¡B³¢©¾¬F¡A1988¡C¹}®Æ¤¤§t§C¿@«×¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¹ï¥Íªø½Þ¥Íªø©Ê¯à»P²Õ´´Ý¯d¶q¤§¼vÅT¡C¤¤µØ¹A¾Ç·|³ø 144:85~93¡C

        §dÄ~ªÚ¡B¾G²M´Ë¡B´å¸q¼w¡BÄY®a²M¡B³¢©¾¬F¡A1989¡C¹}®Æ¤¤§t§C¿@«×¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¹ïªÎ¨|½Þ¥Íªø©Ê¯à»P²Õ´´Ý¯d¶q¤§¼vÅT¡C¤¤µØ¹A¾Ç·|³ø146:42~50¡C

        Asplin, F. D. and R. B. A. Carnaghan, 1961. The toxicity of certain groundnut meals for poultry with special reference to their effect on duckling and chickens. Vet Rec. 73:1215~1219.

        Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1984. Official Method of Analysis (14 ed.) 26.029-26.030, 26.102-26.105. Arlington, VA.

        Bryden, W. L., R. B. Cumming, 1980. Observations on the liver of the chicken following aflatoxin B1 ingestion. Avian Pathol. 9:551~556.

        Chung T. K. and D. H. Baker, 1990. Phosphorus utilization in chicks fed hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate. Poultry Sci. 68:1992~1998.

        Chung T. K., K, J. W. Erdman Jr. and D. H. Baker, 1990. Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate: Effects on zinc, manganese, vitamin A, and riboflavin utilization. Poultry Sci. 69:1364~1370.

        Doyle, M. P., R. S. Applebaum, R. E. Brakett and E. H. Marth, 1982. Physical, chemical and biological degradation of mycotoxins in food and agricultrual commodities. J. Food Prot. 45:964~971.

        Hamilton, P. B. 1984. Determing safe levels of mycotoxins. J Food Prot. 47:570~575.

        Harvey, R. B., L. F. Kubena, T. D. Phillips, W. E. Huff and D. E. Corrier, 1989. Prevention of aflatoxicosis by addition of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to the diets of growing barrows. Am. J. Vet. Res. 50:416~420.

        Harvey. R. B., L. F. Kubena, T. D. Philips, D. E. Corrier, M. H. Elissalde and W. E. Huff, 1991. Diminution of aflatoxin toxicity to growing lambs by dietary supplementation with hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate. Am J. Vet. Res. 52:152~156.

        Huff, W. E., L. F. Kubena, R. B. Harvey, D. E. Corrier and H. H. Mollenhauer, 1986. Progression of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci. 65:1891~1899.

        Huff, W. E., L. F. Kubena, R. B. Harvey and T. D. Philips, 1992. Efficacy of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilcate to reduce the individual and combined toxicity of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A. Poultry Sci. 71:64~69.

        Jones, F. T., W. M. Hagler and P. B. Hamilton, 1982. Association of low levels of aflatoxin in feed with productivity losses in commercial broiler operations. Poultry Sci. 61:861~868.

        Kubena, L. F., R. B. Harvey, T. D. Phillip. D. E. Coeeier and W. E. Huff, 1990a. Diminution of aflatoxicosis in growing chickens by the dietary addition of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate. Poultry Sci. 69:727~735.

        Kubena, L. F., R. B. Harvey, W. E. Huff and D. E. Corrier, 1990b. Efficacy of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin and T-2toxin. Poultry Sci. 69:1078~1086.

        Kubena, L. F., W. E. Huff, R. B. Harvey, A. G. Yersin, M. H. Elissalde, 1991. Effects of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate on growing turkey poults during aflatoxicosis. Poultry Sci. 70:1823~1830.

        Kubena, L. F., R. B. Harvey, W. E. Huff, M. H. Elissadle, A. G. Yersin, T. D. Phillips and G. E. Rottinghaus, 1993. Efficacy of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin and diacetoxyscirpenol. Poultry Sci. 72:51~59.

        Manning, R. O., R. D. Wyatt, H. L. Marks and O. J. Fletcher. 1990. Effect of dietary aflatoxin-resistance and control lines of chickens. Poultry Sci. 69:922~928.

        Merkley, J. W., R. J. Maxwell, J. G. Phillips and W. E. Huff, 1987. Hepatix fatty acid profiles in aflatoxin exposed broiler chickens. Poultry Sci. 66:59~67.

        Norred. W. P., 1982. Ammonia treatment to destory aflatoxins in corn. J. Food Prot. 45:972~976.

        Osborne, D. J. and P. B. Hamilton, 1981. Decreased pancreatic digestive enzymes during aflatoxicosis. Poultry Sci. 60:1818~1821.

        Phillips, T. D., L. F. Kubena, R. B. Harvey, D. R. Taylor and N. D. Heidelbaugh, 1988. Hyrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate: a high affinity sorbent for aflatoxin. Poult. Sci. 67:243~247.

        Sarr, A. B., B. A. Clement and T. D. Phillips, 1990. Effects of molecular structure on the chemisorption of Aflatoxin B1 and related compound by hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate. Toxicologist. 11:97 (abstract)

        Sarr, A. B., B. A. Clement and T. D. Phillips, 1991. Molecular mechanism of aflatoxin B1 chemisorption by hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate. Toxicologist. 11:97 (abstract).

        Scheideler, S. E. 1993. Effects of various types of aluminosilicates and aflatoxin B1 in aflatoxin toxicity, chicken performance, and mineral status. Poultry Sci. 72: 282~288.

        Shotwell, O. L., C. W. Hasseltine and R. D. Stubblefield and W. G. Sorenson, 1966. Production of aflatoxin on rice. Appl. Microbiol. 14:425~428.

        Smith, J. W. and P. B. Hamilton, 1969. Technique for the aseptic addition of liquid to flask culture, Appl. Microbiol. 17:317~321.

        Tarter, E. J., J. P. Hanchay and P. M. Scott, 1984. Improved liquid chromatographic method for determination of aflatoxins in peanut butter and other commodities. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 67:597~600.

        West, S., R. D. Wyatt and P. B. Hamilton, 1973. Improved yield of aflatoxin by incremental increases of temperature. Appl. Microbiol. 25:1018~1019.

¡@

Efficacy   of    Hydrated   Sodium   Calcium   Aluminosilicate    Against   the   Aflatoxicosis   of    Mule   Ducklings

Yeong-Hsiang Cheng(1), Yu-An Lin(1), Der-Nan Lee(1) and Fu-Yu. Wu(1)

Received Oct. 7. 1994; Accepted Nov. 24. 1994

ABSTRACT

        The objective of this study was to investigate the use of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) to minimize the detrimental effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on mule duckling, based on their growth performance, relative visceral organ weight, blood biochemical index and aflatoxin residue in tissues.

     Four hundred duckling were randomly divided into five groups which were fed diets containing AFB1 0 ppb ¡Ï0¢H HSCAS (control), AFB1 0 ppb ¡Ï2¢H HSCAS, AFB1 400 ppb¡Ï0¢H HSCAS, AFB1 400ppb ¡Ï0.5¢H HSCAS, or AFB1 0 ppb ¡Ï2¢H HSCAS.

    The results showed that 400 ppb AFB1 decreased growth performance, increased the activities of GOT and GPT in serum, and increased the relative visceral organ weight (P¡Õ0.05). The addition of 2¢H HSCAS could overcome these adverse effects completely, but 0.5¢H HSCAS could not.

        Trace amounts of AFB1 were detected in the liver of mule ducklings fed diets containing AFB1 400 ppb and AFB1 400 ppb ¡Ï 0.5¢H HSCAS. No AFB1 residues were detected in the breast muscle of all treatments. These findings suggested that 2% HSCAS could modulate the toxicity of aflatoxin in mule ducklings in animals. (Key Words: Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, Aflatoxicosis, Mule Ducklings)

¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w

(1) Department of Animal Science, National I-Lan Institute of Agriculture and Technology.

¡@




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