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ªí1. ¤ô¸Ñ»Ã¯À(hydrolases)¤§¦WºÙ¤Î§@¥Î
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1. ¸É¥R°Êª«¤º·½©Ê»Ã¯À¤§¬¡©Ê¡G
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2. ¯}Ãa¹}®Æì®Æ©Ò§t¤§§ÜÀç¾i¦]¤l(anti-nutritional factor)¡G
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3. §ïµ½Àç¾i¤À¤§¥i§Q¥Î²v¡G
½\Ãþ¤§²ÓM¾Àµ²ºc¡A§t¦h¶q¤§«D¾ý¯»¦hÁÞÃþ(non¢wstarch¢wpolysaccharides)¡A¥Ñ©ó¤£³Q®ø¤Æ»Ã¯À¤ô¸Ñ¡A¦]¦¹¨î»Ã¯Àªº§@¥Î¤Î²ÓM¤ºÀç¾i¤À¤§ÂX´²¡C¦¹Ãþ«D¾ý¯»¦hÁÞ¦p¸g¤ô¸Ñ¯}Ãa¡A´£°ª¨ä¥LÀç¾i¤À¤§¥i§Q¥Î²v¡A°§C±Æªn´î¤ÖÀô¹Ò¦Ã¬V¡C
°w¹ï¤Wz»Ã¯À²K¥[¤§·N¸q¡AÅã¥Ü»Ã¯À¤§²K¥[À³¦³¥Ø¼Ð¡A¦p¸É¥R©Î¥[±j®ø¤Æ¹D»Ã¯À«h¥H¾ý¯»ú@¡B³J¥Õú@©Î¯×ªÕú@¬°©y¡A¦Ó¨ä¥L¤§¦hÁÞÃþ»Ã¯À¤D¬O°w¹ï©Ò¥Î¤§¯S®íì®Æ¦Ó²K¥[¡C¦ý¥Ñ©ó¹}®Æ²Õ¦¨¤À½ÆÂø¡A¦]¦¹¦p¥H½Æ¦X»Ã¯À(multi¢wenzyme)¤è¦¡²K¥[§ó¬°¾A·í¡A¦ý»Ý¦Ò¼{¦hºØ»Ã¯À¤§²K¥[¡A¨ä®ÄªG¨ÃµL¥[¦¨©Ê¡C
¹}®Æ²K¥[»Ã¯À¹ï½Þ¡B®a¸V(¦×Âû©Î³JÂû)¥Í²£©Êª¬¤§§ïµ½®ÄªG¡A¤w³Q¼sªx±´°Q¡C¦ý¦b¸ÕÅç³ø§i©Î¹ê»Ú¹}¾i¤§µ²ªG«hÅܲ§¬Û·í¤j(Langhout et al. 1997)¡A¥ç¦³¤£ÅãµÛ¤§²K¥[®ÄªG(Goh et al. 1982¡FAllen et al. 1997)¡C»Ã¯À²K¥[¦Ü¹}®Æ¡A¸gÄá¨ú«á¡A¥Ñ©ó°Êª«¤§®ø¤Æ¹D¬°¤@½ÆÂø¤§¥Íª«¤ÏÀ³¾¹¡A¦]¦¹»Ã¯À©óin vitro¤U¤§¬¡©Ê¡A¨Ã¤£¯à§¹¥þªí²{¡A¾ÉP²K¥[®ÄªG¤§®t²§©Ê¡C¯÷´N¼vÅT»Ã¯À²K¥[®ÄªG¤§¥i¯àì¦]¤Àz¦p¤U¡G
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¤@¡B»Ã¯À¬¡©Ê¤O»ù§t¶q
»Ã¯À¬¡©Ê(activity)°ª§C¤D¥H¨ä¤O»ù(unit)ªí¥Ü¡A³\¦h°Ó·~¤Æ¤§»Ã¯À²£«~Áö©ú½T¼Ð¥Ü¨ä¤O»ù§t¶q¡AµM¦Ó¦b¤O»ù¤§©w¸q«o¦³¬Û·í¤j¤§®t²§¡C¤O»ù¤§©w¸q¤D«ü³æ¦ì®É¶¡¤º°ò½è³Q»Ã¯À§@¥Î²£¥Í¤@©T©w¶q¥Í¦¨ª«©Ò»Ý¤§»Ã¯À¶qºÙ¤§¤@unit¡C©ó¦¹©w¸q¤U¡A¦p¦P¤@»Ã¯À§@¥Î¤§°ò½è¤£¦P¡A¥B§@¥Î±ø¥ó(·Å«×¡BpH)¤£¦P¡A¦Ó©ÒÄÀ¥X¤§¥Í¦¨ª«¥H1£g mole©Î1£gg©Î1mgªí¥Ü¡A©Ò±o¤O»ù§t¶q§Y¦³¬Û·í®t²§¡C©Ò¥H¦P¤@»Ã¯À¡A¥H¤£¦P¤O»ù©w¸qªí¥Ü¡A«h§t¶q¥ç²§¡C¦]¦¹¦b¤ñ¸û»Ã¯À¬¡©Ê°ª§C¡AÀ³´N¦P¤@±ø¥ó¤U¥[¥H¤ñ¸û¤~¬O¥¿½Tªº¡C
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»Ã¯À¸g²K¥[¦Ü¹}®Æ«á¡A¦]¹}®Æ¥[¤u³B²z¡B®ø¤Æ¹DÀô¹Ò§¡¼vÅT»Ã¯À¤§¬¡©Ê¡A¥B°Ó·~¤Æ»Ã¯À¨Ó·½¦Û°Êª«¡A´Óª«©Î·L¥Íª«(²Óµß©ÎÅðµß)¡A¤£¦P»Ã¯À(¥]¬A¦P¤@»Ã¯À¡A¤£¦P¨Ó·½)¤§¯S©Ê¦U²§¡A¦p³Ì¾A§@¥Î·Å«×¡BpH¡A·Å«×¤ÎpH¤§Ã©w©Ê¡AÄqª«½è¤§¼vÅT¡A³Q®ø¤Æ»Ã¯À§@¥Îµ{«×µ¥¡C¤£¦P»Ã¯À©ópH2.0¤§½w½Ä²G¤Î°Êª«G¤º¤§Ã©w©Ê¡CÅãµM°Êª«G¤º°£pH¥~©|¦³¨ä¥L§ó½ÆÂø¤§¦]¯À¼vÅT»Ã¯À¤§¬¡©Ê¡C»Ã¯À¤§¼öéw¡A¥ç¬O¿ï¾Ü¤§¦]¯À¤§¤@¡A³¡¥÷Åðµß¨Ó·½¤§»Ã¯À©ó«Ç·Å¤Uéw¡A¦ý¶W¹L60¢J(»rÅS«¬ºA)§Y³Q¯}Ãa(Clesson¡A1993)¡AµM¦Ó©ó¹}®Æ¥´²É¹Lµ{¤¤¦]¦³¹}®Æ¤§«OÅ@¡A©Ò¥H¼vÅTµ{«×°§C(Yu & Tsen¡A1993)¡C¦¹¥~¦p¹}®Æ¤¤©Ò§t¤§Äqª«½è¦pCl¡Ð¬O¾ý¯»ú@¤§P¬¡¦]¤l¡A¦ýFe2¡Ï¡BZn-2¡Ï¡BCa2¡Ï«h©úÅã§í¨î¤ì¥Ê»Ã¯À(papain)¤§¬¡©Ê¡A¦Ó¹ï¦P¬°´Óª«¨Ó·½¤§»ñ±ù»Ã¯À(bromelain)¤§¼vÅT¨Ã¤£©úÅã(Yu & Tsen, 1993)¡C¦]¦¹¬°¨Ï²K¥[¤§»Ã¯À©ó®ø¤Æ¹D¤º¤´¦³¬¡©Ê¡A¶·¼f·VÁA¸Ñ»Ã¯À¤§¯S©Ê¡C
¤T¡B¹}®Æì®Æ¿ï¾Ü
¥Ñ©ó»Ã¯À¤§§@¥Î¨ã¦³°ò½è¯S²§©Ê¡A¦Ó³J¥Õ½è»P¾ý¯»¬O¹}®Æì®Æ¤§¥Dn¦¨¤À¡A¦]¦¹¾ý¯»ú@¡B³J¥Õú@À³¥Î¤§½d³ò¸û¬°¼sªx¡CµM¦Ó°w¹ï§t¦³¯S©w¤§§ÜÀç¾i¦]¤l¤§ì®Æ¡A¦p§t£]-glucan¤§¤j³Á¡B¿P³Á¡A§t»E¤ì¿}¡Bªü©Ô§B»E¤ì¿}¤§¤p³Á¡B¤j¨§¡B»r³Á(ªí¤G)¡A¤Î§t¥ÌÅS»E¿}(mannan)¤§¤j¨§µ¥¡A¦¹Ãþ«D¾ý¯»¦hÁÞÃþ¦]¤£³Q³æG°Êª«¸z¤º¤§®ø¤Æ»Ã¯À¤ô¸Ñ¡A¥B¤ô·»©Ê³¡¤À¡A¦]¨ã¦³¦¨½¦©Ê(gel¢wforming)¡A¨Ï¸z¤º®eª«¤§Öߺ¢©Ê¼W¥[¡A°§C³J¥Õ½è¡B¯à¶q¤§®ø¤Æ¡B§l¦¬¤Î³y¦¨Ö߸Y¤§±Æªnª«(Bedford¡A1995)¡C¦]¦¹¡A¥H¦¹Ãþ½\Ãþ¬°¥D¤§¹}³¡A²K¥[¦hÁÞÃþ¤ô¸Ñ»Ã¯À«h¨ã¦³·N¸q¡C¦ý²K¥[®ÄªG·|¦]¹}³¤¤¤ô·»©Ê«D¾ý¯»¦hÁÞÃþ¤§§t¶q¤Î¹}³¤¤©Ò¥Î¤§ªo¯×¨Ó·½¤£¦P§e²{§¹¥þ¤£¦P¤§®ÄªG(ªí¤T¡ALanghout et al. 1997)¡C
ªí2. ¤£¦P½\Ãþ©Ò§t«D¾ý¯»¦hÁÞÃþ¤§²Õ¦¨(¢H°®ª«½è)
²Õ¦¨¤À¬°(¢H) | ¥É¦Ì | °ª¸d | ¤p³Á | ¥h´ß¤j³Á | ¤j¨§²Ë |
¾ý¯» ²ÊÅÖºû «D¾ý¯»¦hÁÞÃþ £]-»E¸²µå¿} ªü©Ô§B»E¤ì¿} ÅÖºû¯À ¤ì½è¯À |
64 2.5 8 0.1 4.4 2.4 0.5 |
62 2.2 8 0.7 4.5 2.1 0.6 |
61 2.5 10 0.7 5.4 2.5 0.7 |
56 4.0 17 4.0 6.3 3.9 2.0 |
2.7 ¡@ 21.7 ¡@ ¡@ 6.2 1.6 |
ªí3. ¤£¦P¯×ªÕ¨Ó·½»P»E¤ì¿}ú@¹ï¦×Âû¥Íªø©Êª¬¼vÅT(1-21¤éÄÖ)
Group | Fat Source | Enzyme Addition | Weight gain(g) | Food Intake (g¡þbird¡þd) | Food¡þGain Ratio |
¢¹ | Soya oil | ¡Ð | 636b | 48.7 | 1.610ab |
¢º | Soya oil | ¡Ï | 638b | 47.3 | 1.556a |
¢» | Animal fat | ¡Ð | 567a | 47.2 | 1.748c |
¢¼ | Animal fat | ¡Ï | 621b | 48.6 | 1.644b |
SEM(df¡×20) | ¡@ | ¡@ | 17.7 | 1.3 | 0.0205 |
a,b,cMean values within a column with no common superscripts differ significantly(P¡Ø0.05). (Langhout et al., 1997) |
¦³ÃöÅÖºû¯Àú@¤§À³¥Î¡A¤D°w¹ï´Óª«²ÓM¾À¦¨¤À¤§¯}Ãa¤Î°¸Ñ¡A¥H¼W¥[²ÓM¤º¦¨¤À»P®ø¤Æ»Ã¯À§@¥Î¤§¾÷·|¡A§Y°§CÅÖºû©ó®ø¤Æ¹D¤W©Ò¤Þ°_¤§t§@¥Î(negative effect)¡CµM¦Ó²ÓM¾À¦¨¤À°£ÅÖºû¯À¥~¡A¤´§t¦³¨ä¥Lµ²ºc©ÊÅÖºû¡A©Ò¥H³æ¤@¤§ÅÖºû¯Àú@¤§²K¥[¡A®ÄªG¨Ã¤£ÅãµÛ(Inborr & Ogle¡A1988)¡C
¥|¡B°Êª«¦~ÄÖ
»Ã¯À²K¥[®ÄªG©ó¤£¦P¥Íªø¶¥¬q¤§°Êª«¡A¨äµ²ªG¥ç²§¡F¾ý¯»ú@¤Î³J¥Õú@²K¥[¦ÜÂ÷¨Å½Þ(3¢w7¶gÄÖ)¤¤¡AÅãµÛ¼W¥[¨äÅ髤ι}®ÆÂà´«²v(Collier and Hardy¡A1986)¡AµM¦Ó²K¥[¦Ü¤w¦¨ªø¤§½Þ°¦¡A¨Ã¥¼Àò±o§ïµ½®ÄªG(Cromwell et al., 1988)¡A¦¹ì¦]¬°¦~¥®¥J½Þ¨ä®ø¤Æ¨t²Î©|¥¼µo¨|§¹¥þ¡A¥]¬AG¤ºpHÈ°¾°ª¡A¤Î®ø¤Æ»Ã¯À¤Àªc¤£¨¬(Lindemann et al., 1986¡FOwsley et al., 1986)¡C£]-glucanase©Îxylanase²K¥[¦Ü¦×Âû«á´Á¹}®Æ(Yu et al., 1998)©Î³JÂû¹}®Æ(Albustany and Elwinger¡A1988)¤¤§¡¥¼Àò±oÅãµÛ¤§§ïµ½®ÄªG¡C¦¹¤D¦]¦¨¼ôÂû°¦¡A¨ä®ø¤Æ¹D¦]¨ü«e´Á¶¥¬qÄá¨ú§tglucan©Îxylan¤§¹}³¡A¨ë¿E¸z¤º·L¥Íª«²£¥Í¤ô¸Ñ»Ã¯À¡AP²K¥[®ÄªG¨Ã¤£¦p¤pÂû¶¥¬q¤§©úÅã¡C
ªñ¤Q¦~¨Ó»Ã¯À¤§À³¥Î³vº¥¼W¥[¡A¬°¨Ï»Ã¯À¤§²K¥[¹F¨ìÅãµÛ¤§®ÄªG¡A¦³Ãö¨î»Ã¯À©ó°Êª«®ø¤Æ¹D¤º¬¡©Ê¤§¦]¯À»Ý¥[¥H¦Ò¼{¥~¡A¿ï¥Î¾A·í¤§»Ã¯À¡A©l¯à´£°ª»Ã¯À¤§²K¥[®ÄªG¡C¦Ó±N¨Ó§Q¥Î¥Íª«¬ì§Þ¥Í²£"second generation enzyme"¥H´£°ª»Ã¯À¤§Ã©w©Ê¥ç¬°«n¤§¤è¦V¡C
¹}®ÆÀç¾iÂø»x(p.71¡ã77)¢w§EºÑ¡B¤E¤K¦~¤C´Á