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ªñ¦~¨Ó¡A¥xÆW¦a°ÏÂû³J¦b²£¾P¥¢¿Å±¡ªp¤U¡A»ù®æ®É²{§C°g¡F¦¹¥~¡A¨Ñ»s³J¿|ì®Æ³J©Ò¾l§Z¶À¤§ªþ¥[»ùȤ@¦V¦³«Ý´£°ª¡F¤Z¦¹¡A¦b¦bÅã¥Ü³J«~¥[¤u§Q¥Î¢¤Á»Ýn¶}µo¡C§Z¶À§t¯×½è28~36¢H¡A¬O¶È¦¸©ó¤ô¤Àªº¦¨¤À¡F§Z¶À¯×½è¤¤¥Ìªo¤Æ¦Xª«62.5¢H¡BÁC¯×½è32.8¢H¡B©T¾J4.9¢H¡A¨Ã¦³·L¶qÁޯ׽è(ªL¡A1983)¡FÁC¯×½è¬O¤@ºØ¤ÑµM¥i¹¥Î¡B¥i®ø¤Æªº¬É±¬¡©Ê¾¯¡A¼s³QÀ³¥Î©ó¤H³y¨Å¹T¡B¥©§J¤O¡B³J¶ÀÂæ¡BÁ÷¹¢¤D¦ÜÃÄ«~¡B¤Æ§©«~µ¥(Windholz, 1983)¡C¤S¥Ñ©ó§ZÁC¯×§t¦hºØ¤£¹¡©M¯×ªÕ»Ä¡A¦b°Êª«Å餺§ZÁC¯×»PÁx©T¾J¦bú@§@¥Î¤U¡A¤£¹¡©M¯×ªÕ»ÄÂಾ¨ìÁx©T¾J¸û©ö·»¸Ñ¡A¦Ó©ö©ó¸g¦å²G´`ÀôÂಾ¨ì¨xŦ¡A§Î¦¨Áx»Ä¡BÁx¥Ä¦Ó±Æªn(Lehninger¡A1982)¡A¹E³Q»{§ZÁC¯×¥i¯à¨ã¦³°§C¦å²G¤¤Áx©T¾J¡A¦Ó¹ï°ª¦åÀ£¡B¦åºÞ¯e¯f¡B°Ê¯ßµw¤Æ¡B¦å®ê¡B¤ßŦ¯fµ¥¨ã¹w¨¾¥\¥Î¡F¬O¥Hªñ¦~¨Ó³Qµø¬°"¤ÑµM°·±d¹«~"¡A¦ÓÄv¬Û¶}µo¦Û§Z¶À¤ÀÂ÷§ZÁC¯×¤§¤èªk(¥§À¡A1981¡Fªø¨¦¤t¡A1984¡FSingleton et al., 1964)¡C
§ZÁC¯×(phosphatidylcholine)¡A¬O¤@ºØµw¯×»Ä¡B´ÄÃq»Ä¤Îªo»Äµ¥ªºÂù»Ä¥Ìªoà¤Æ¦Xª«¡AÂÇÁC»Ä°ò»PÁxÆPµ²¦X¦¨àÃþ(Windholz, 1983)¡C®Ú¾Ú¤À¤lµ²ºc¤Î©x¯à°ò²ü¹q¯S©Ê¡A½Ñ¦h¦³¾÷·»´C¤ÎºÞ¬W¼hªR§÷½è³QÀ|¸Õ¥Î¥H¤ÀÂ÷¤Î¯Â¤Æ§ZÁC¯×¡F¥§À(1981)§Q¥Î°ª·Å¼õ·Ò¡A¸g¹LÂo¥h°£Âø½è¨Ã¥H¾ý¯»½á§Î¡A¥§¡¨CÓÂû³J§Z¶À·Ò±o¬ù4.5gªºÁC¯×¡Fªø¨¦¤t(1984)«hÂǦ³¾÷·»´CµÑ±oÁC¯×§t¶q¬ù70¢Hªº§Z¶Àªo¡FSingleton et al., (1964)§Q¥Î¤T®ñ¤Æ¤G¾T(alumina)¤Îª¿»Ä(silic acid)¬°§lªþ¾¯(adsorbent)¦æºÞ¬W¼hªR¡A¶i¤@¨B¯Â¤Æ§ZÁC¯×¡C¥»¸ÕÅ禮¦b²Õ¦X«e¤Hªº¤èªk¡AÅçÃÒ¨äÀ³¥Î»ùÈ¡C
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(2)¤Æ¾Ç¸Õ¾¯¡G¤þଡB¥¿¤wÖJ¢wªL¯Â¡A¤é¥»¡F¤A¾J¢w¤½½æ§½¡A¥xÆW¡F¥ÛªoîÅ¡B¤T®ñ¤Æ¤G¾T¡B´â¥é¡B¥Ò¾J¡B¤G¤A°òîÅ¡B¸K¡BNinhydrin¡BDragendorff¡B¤G¤A°òºÒ»ÄÆQ¡Bª¿½¦¡B·Í¤Æ¹[¦X¦¨¥ú¾Ç´¹Åé¢wMerck¡A¼w°ê¡F§ZÁC¯×(µÑ¦Û¥ÍÂAÂû³J§Z¶À)¢wSigma¡A¬ü°ê¡Fª÷Äݶu¢wRiedel~De Haen AG¡A¼w°ê¡C
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(1)Âû³J¤@¯ë¤Æ¾Ç²Õ¦¨¤ÀªR¡G¨ÌA.O.A.C.(1990)¤èªk¡C
(2)²Ê§ZÁC¯×µÑ»s¡G¤À§O¥H¥ÍÂA§Z¶À¡B§Z¶Àªo¡B§Ná§Z¶À¡BµN¼ô§Z¶À¤ÎÄЧZ¶Àµ¥ì®Æ¡A×¹¢Singleton et al.(1965)¤§¤èªk¡A¤ÏÂЧQ¥Î¤þନI¾ý¡A¤A¾J¤Î¥ÛªoîŵѨú¡A¸g´îÀ£°j±Û¿@ÁY«á§NÂóƥΡC
(3)²Ê§ZÁC¯×¤§¤T®ñ¤Æ¤G¾TºÞ¬W¼hªR(Singleton, 1965¡AHaftmann, 1975)¡G
ºÞ¬W»s³Æ 4cm¡Ñ87cmªø¡AºÞ©³¥Ñ¢w¬Á¼þ´ÖÁ¡¼h¤ä¼µ¡C
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²Ê§ZÁC¯×§lµÛ·»¬~©w¶q¦¬¶° ÂÇ´â¥é±N¸Õ¼Ë·»¤J¨Ã§lµÛ©ó½¦²Éªí±·»¬~²G¡A´â¥é¡G¥Ò¾J¡×9¡G1(V¡þV)¢X
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1. »ö¾¹¡GHitachi Model 663~50GC(¤é¥»)¡F¥HFID¬°ÀË´ú¾¹¡C
2. ºÞ¬W¡GOV-11¡A3mªø¡B3mm¤º®|¡C
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4. ·Å«×¡Gª`¤J¤f225¢J¡Fª@·Å±ø¥ó¡A60¢J«O«ù2¤ÀÄÁ¡AÄ~¤§¥H4¢J¡þmin³t«×ª@¦Ü120¢J¨Ã«O«ù1¤ÀÄÁ¡AµM«á¥H5¢J¡þmin³t«×ª@¦Ü220¢J«O«ù300¤ÀÄÁ¡C
5. ¸Õ¼Ë«e³B²z¡G¨ÌGlass et al.(1965)¤§¤èªk¡A±N¸Õ¼Ë¤§¯×ªÕ»Ä¤Aà¤Æ«á¨ú5£glª`¤JGC¡C
(5)¤T®ñ¤Æ¤G¾TºÞ¬W¼hªR¦U¥÷¤Æ¤§Á¡¼h¤ÀªR(Singleton, 1965)¡G¨ú·»©ó´â¥é¤§¸ÕÅç·»²G5£gl¡AÂIª`©óª¿½¦ªO¤W¡A¤À§O¸g´â¥é¡G¥Ò¾J¡G¤ô¡×325¡G125¡G20(V¡þV¡þV)¤Î¥ÛªoîÅ¡G¤G¤A°òîÅ¡×450¡G50(V¡þV)®i¶}¦U3¤p®É¡AµM«á¥H1¢H¤§¸K¡A¹ç®ü¯SªL(Ninydrin)¤Î¬ð©Ô®Ú¹D¤Ò(Dragendorff)²G¬V¦â¡C
(6)¬õ¥~½u¥úÃФÀªR¡GÂǬõ¥~½u¥úÃлö(IR 260-50¡FHitachi¡A¤é¥»)´ú©w¡F¨ú°®Àê¸Õ¼Ë0.5mg¥[¤J200mg·Í¤Æ¹[¡A¬ã¿i«á¥H500Kg¡þcm2À£¤O¥´¤ù«á¦æIR±½ºË¡C
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ªí1Åã¥Ü¡A¨Ó¯èÂû³J§Z¶À¡B¥Õ¤§©T§Îª«¤À§O¬ù¬°48¤Î11¢H¡A»PªL(1983)©Ò¸üµL¬Æ®t²§¡A¨ä¤¤§Z¶À¤§²Ê¯×ªÕ§t¶q29.0¢H¡A¦û¥þ³J¯×ªÕ¤§99.5¢H¡A¦pÀÀ§Q¥Î³J¤¤¯×½è¦¨¤À¡A§Z¥Õ´X¥i©¿²¤¡C
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Samples | Moisture | Crude protein | Crude fat | Ash |
¡@ | ¢H | |||
Yolk White |
49.81±1.16 88.38±0.87 |
16.64±0.66 10.06±0.83 |
29.06±2.20 0.12±0.02 |
1.77±0.11 0.64±0.12 |
¢º¡B§Z¶À¤¤²Ê§ZÁC¯×¤§µÑ»s
¦b§Z¶À¬ù30¢H¯×½è¤¤¡A62.3¢H¬°¤T»Ä¥Ìªoà¡A32.8¢HÁC¯×½è¤Î4.9¢H©T¾JÃþ¡A¦ÓÁC¯×½è¤S¤À§O¥Ñ§ZÁC¯×(70¢H)¡B¸£ÁC¯×(25¢H)¤Î¯«¸gÁC¯×(2.3¢H)©Ò²Õ¦¨(ªL¡A1983)¡A¬O¥H²z½×¤W§ZÁC¯×¬ù¦û¥ÍÂA§Z¶Àªº6.8¢H¡A¬°Â×´Iªº§ZÁC¯×¨Ó·½¡Cªí2Åã¥Ü¡A¦Û¤£¦P³B²z¤è¦¡ªºÂû§Z¶ÀµÑ¥X²Ê§ZÁC¯×¦¬²v¡AÁö¥H¤ôµN§Z¶Àªº4.55¢H³Ì°ª¡A¦ý¥ÍÂA¡B§Ná¡BÄЧZ¶À¦U²Õ¥ç¦b4.11¢H¥H¤W¡A¥i¨£³o¥|ºØì®Æ³B²z¹ï²Ê§ZÁC¯×µÑ¥X²v¼vÅT¤£¤j¡FµM¦Ó¡A¥¼¯à¦Û§Z¶ÀªoµÑ±o²Ê§ZÁC¯×¡AÅã¥Ü§Z¶ÀªoµÑ¨ú¥Îªº¥¿¤wÖJ¨Ã¥¼±N§ZÁC¯×¦P®É·»¥X¡F¥Ñ©ó§ZÁC¯×¶È·L·»©óf(Windholz, 1983)¡A¦Ó¥¿¤wÖJ«D·¥©Ê»Pf¬Ûªñ(Lehniger, 1982)¡A©Ò¥H§ZÁC¯×¥¼¯àÀH§Z¶ÀªoµÑ¥X¡C
ªí2. Âû§Z¶À³B²z¤è¦¡¹ï²Ê§ZÁC¯×µÑ¥X²vªº¼vÅT
Treatments | Wt of crude phosphatide(g) | Yield of crude phosphatide(¢H)* |
Fresh Yolk oil Lyophilized Cooked Salted |
22.37±3.25 none 21.50±4.93 22.82±3.07 20.93±5.47 |
4.46±0.64 none 4.30±0.56 4.55±0.89 4.11±0.98 |
*Yied¢H¡×(wt of crude phosphatide¡þwt of raw yolk)¡Ñ100 **Applied sample¡G500 g¡þbatch |
¢»¡B²Ê§ZÁC¯×¤§¤T®ñ¤Æ¤G¾TºÞ¬W¼hªR
§ZÁC¯×¤À¤l¤W¤§ÖJ°ò¡BÁC»Ä°ò¤ÎÁxÆP¬O¨M©w¨ä¤Æ¾Ç¥\¯à©Ê¦]¤l(Windholz, 1983)¡A¦ÓÁC»Ä°ò»PÁxÆPªº¦s²{¡A¥i¯à¨Ï§ZÁC¯×©ö§lªþ©ó¤T®ñ¤Æ¤G¾T(Heftmann, 1975)¡C²Ê§ZÁC¯×©ó¤T®ñ¤Æ¤G¾TºÞ¬W¼hªR¥÷¤Æ(ªí3)¡A¨Ì·»¥X²G¦â¿A¤Î²M¿B«×¡Ap¦¬¶°11Ó¥÷¤Æ¡A¨C¤@¥÷¤Æ°t¦XÁ¡¼h¤ÀªR°µ¦¨¤Àªì¨BŲ©w¡A±o±x¥Ñ²Ä2¦Ü11¥÷¤Æ§¡¦³§ZÁC¯×³Q·»¬~¥X¨Ó¡A¨ä¤¤2¡B3¡B4¤TÓ¥÷¤ÆÅãµÛ¸û¨ã¦P½è©Ê(homogeneous)¡A¥B¬V¦â®É§eDragendorff¶§©Ê¡A¨ä¼hªR¥÷¤Æ¦¬²v(chromatographed fraction yield)¦Xp45¢H¡AÁ`¥÷¤Æ¦¬²v(overall yield of fraction)¬°1.99¢H¡C¦¹¯Â¤Æ§ZÁC¯×¥~Æ[§e²H¶À¦â¡A¤@¦pWindholz(1983)©Òz¡C²Ä5¦Ü11¥÷¤Æ¤´§t¦³§ZÁC¯×¡A¦ý«D¦P½è©Ê(non-homogeneous)¼W¥[¡A¥i¯à¥t§t¤¤©Ê¯×½è¡BLysophosphatide¤Î¨ä¥LÁC¯×½è¦¨¤À¡C
ªí3. Âû³J²Ê§ZÁC¯×¤§¤T®ñ¤Æ¤G¾TºÞ¬W¥÷¤Æ
Fraction | Fraction volume(ml) | Appearance | Fraction wt(g) | Chromatographedc fraction yield(¢H) | Overalld yield of fraction(¢H) |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 |
324±57 270±40 14±1 14±1 14±2 361±28 33±4 132±3 18±2 133±19 198±16 |
clear, colorless hazy, yellowish cloudy,yellowish hazy,yellowish clear,colorless clear,colorless cloudy,yellowish hazy,yellowish cloudy,yellowish hazy,yellowish cloudy,yellowish |
0.38 4.08 4.01 3.04 5.39 1.92 1.99 0.38 0.21 0.91 0.91 |
1.52 16.32 16.04 12.16 21.56 7.68 7.96 1.52 0.84 3.46 3.46 |
0.07 0.73 0.72 0.54 0.96 0.34 0.35 0.07 0.04 0.16 0.16 |
a. Conditions¡Gcolumn size 4cm¡Ñ87cm, eluent chloroform¡Gmethanol
19¡G1, applied sample 25g¡þbatch b. Data in the table represent means of 3 replicates. c. Yield based on wt of crude phosphatidesapplied to column. d. Yield based on starting wt of yolk. |
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¦P¯×©Ê§ZÁC¯×ÂÇGC´ú©w¨ä¯×ªÕ»Ä¡A¸Õ¼Ë§ZÁC¯×»P¼Ð·Ç«~¤§®ð¬Û¦â¼h¤ÀªR¹Ï¬Û¦ü¡AµM18C¥H¤W¯×ªÕ»Ä(¥Dn¬°µw¯×»Ä¡Bªo»Ä¤Î¨È³Â¤¯ªo»Ä)(Singleton et al., 1965)«h¥¼¯à¦¨¥\¤ÀÂ÷¡C±N¦Uªi®p¸g¿n¤À»öpºâ¨ä¤À§G¤ñ¨Ò¡A±o±x²Ê§ZÁC¯×»P¯Â¤Æ§ZÁC¯×¯×ªÕ»Ä²Õ¦¨¯S©Ê¤£¦P(ªí4)¡A´N¶q¦Ó¨¥¡A²Ê§ZÁC¯×¥H14¡G0(1.96)16¡G0(23.85¢H)¡B16¡G1(3.98¢H)¤Î18C¥H¤Wªº54.38¢H¬°¥D¡F¯Â¤Æ§ZÁC¯×¡AµL½×¸Õ¼Ë©Î¼Ð·Ç«~¡A«h¥H14¡G0¡B16¡G0¤Î18C¥H¤W¤TÃþ¯×ªÕ»Ä¬°¥D¡A¨ä¤¤16¡G0»P18C¥H¤W¦Xp§ó¹F81~83¢H¡A¥B¨âªÌ²Õ¦¨¤ñ¨Ò¬Û¦ü¡F¦¹¤@µ²ªG»PSingleton et al., (1965)©ÒÀòÂû³J§ZÁC¯×¯×ªÕ»Ä¤§16¡G0»P¡B37.7¢H¡B18C¥H¤W59.1¢H¡A¥ç¬Æ±µªñ¡AµM»P¤j¨§§ZÁC¯×(Windholz, 1983)¤§16¡G0¡B11.7¢H¡B16¡G1¡B8.6¢H¤Î18C¥H¤W78¢H¡A«h¦³ÅãµÛ®t²§¡C
ªí4. Âû§Z¶Àªo¡B²Ê§ZÁC¯×¤Î¯Â¤Æ§ZÁC¯×¤§¥Dn¯×ªÕ»Ä²Õ¦¨
Samples | 4¡G0 | 6¡G0 | 8¡G0 | 10¡G0 | 12¡G0 | 14¡G0 | 16¡G0 | 16¡G1 | 18¡G0,1,2 |
¢H | |||||||||
Yolk oil ¡@ Crude lecithin Purified lecithin Authentic lecithin |
0.10 ±0.04 0.11 ±0.01 0.13 ±0.04 0.62 ±0.11 |
0.35 ±0.21 0.81 ±0.15 0.44 ±0.14 2.06 ±0.62 |
0.12 ±0.09 0.36 ±0.16 0.12 ±0.02 0.85 ±0.14 |
0.11 ±0.07 0.02 ±0.01 0.23 ±0.06 0.09 ±0.03 |
0.03 ±0.20 0.34 ±0.02 0.12 ±0.01 0.28 ±0.07 |
0.75 ±0.20 1.96 ±0.69 2.71 ±0.38 1.93 ±0.51 |
30.12 ±1.33 23.85 ±0.23 32.62 ±0.23 31.86 ±0.36 |
0.24 ±0.11 3.98 ±3.32 0.40 ±0.07 0.97 ±0.10 |
65.75 ±3.23 54.38 ±8.23 51.27 ±2.05 50.98 ±2.45 |
¢½¡B§ZÁC¯×¤§IR¥úÃÐŲ©w
²Ä2¡B3¡B4¥÷¤Æ§ZÁC¯×¤§IR¹ÏÃСA¤jP¦P©ó¼Ð·Ç«~ªÌ¡A¨ä¤¤ºÒ°ò(-CO-, 1715cm-1)¤ÎÓi°ò(-NH2, 1640cm-1)ªº¦s²{(Nakanishi, 1976, Silverstein, 1977)¡A§ó¬O½T»{§ZÁC¯×«n¦õÃÒ¡A»\¦¹¨â©x¯à°ò¬s¾F¦Ó²{¡A¥¿·N¨ý¸Õ¼Ë¤¤§t¦³ÁxÆP(Windholz 1983)¡C
ºî¤W©Òz¡AÂǤþନI¾ý¡A¤A¾J¡B¥ÛªoîÅ·»¸Ñ¡A¬ù¥i¦ÛÂû§Z¶ÀµÑ±o4.3¢H²Ê§ZÁC¯×¡A²Ê§ZÁC¯×¸g¤T®ñ¤Æ¤G¾TºÞ¬W´â¥é¡G¥Ò¾J(9¡G1)·»¬~²G¼hªR¡A¥i¯Â¤Æ¥X°ª¦P½è©Ê§ZÁC¯×¬ù2¢H¡A¯Â¤Æ®Ä²vȱo©w¡F¦pÀÀ¤u·~¤ÆÀ³¥Î¡AÀ³¤©¦^¦¬¦³¾÷·»´C¤è¦X¥G¸gÀٮįq¡C
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