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¡@¡@¥þ¯×¶À¨§¯»¬ù§t 18%ªº¯×ªÕ¤Î 37%ªº²Ê³J¥Õ½è¡C¦ý¬O¶À¨§¯»°¾¥©§t¦³³\¦h¥Íªø§í¨î¦]¤l¡C¦è¤¸ 1945 ¦~¡AKunitz ½T©w¤@ºØ¤Æ¦Xª«¥i§í¨î¯Ø³J¥ÕúAªº®ø¤Æ§@¥Î¡C¦¹«á¡A¦Ü¤Ö 5 ºØ¯Ø³J¥ÕúA§í¨î¦]¤l³Q¤ÀÂ÷¥X¡A¨ä¤¤ªº¨âºØ ( Kunitz §í¨î¦]¤l¤Î Bowman¡VBirk §í¨î¦]¤l ) ³Q¯Â¤Æ¡C³o¨Ç¯Ø³J¥ÕúA§í¨î¦]¤l¹ï¼ö±Ó·P¡A¨Ò¦p¡G·í¶À¨§¸g¾A·íªº¼ö³B²z«á¡A§í¨î¦]¤l§Y¾D¯}Ãa¡C
¡@¡@·í½Þ°¦¹}Áý¥Íªº¶À¨§®É¡A¾ÉP¥Íªø³t²v¤Î¹}®Æ§Q¥Î²v°§C ( °Ñ¨£ªí ¤@ )¡C½Þ°¦¥Íªø©Ê¯àªº°§C¬O¦]¬°§í¨î¦]¤lªýê¤F¯ØŦ²£¥Íªº¯Ø³J¥ÕúA¹ï¸z¹D¤¤ªº³J¥Õ½èªº¤À¸Ñ§@¥Î¡C¦¹¥~¡A·í½Þ°¦Áý¹}¥Í¶À¨§®É¡A¹ï¯×ªÕ§l¦¬²v°§C ( Collins ¤Î Beaty 1981 )¡C¦å²y¾®¶°¯À¡A¥Òª¬¸¢¸~·½¡A¨m¯À¡A¯×»Ä®ñ¤Æ»Ã¯À¤Î¨ä¥L§ÜÀç¾i¦]¤l¥ç¥i¦Û¶À¨§¤¤¤ÀÂ÷¥X¨Ó¡C¦ý¬O¡A¯u¥¿¥Ñ³o¨Ç§í¨î¦]¤l©Ò¾ÉPªº¥Íªø§í¨î¶q¤´¬O¥¼ª¾ÃÑ¡C¦Ó³o¨Ç§í¨î¦]¤l°§C½Þ°¦¥Íªøªº¾÷¨î¥ç¥¼¥þµMÁA¸Ñ¡C
¡@
ªí ¤@¡G¥Íªø½Þ¡BªÎ¨|½ÞÁý¹}¥H¶À¨§¯»¤Î¥Í¶À¨§§@¬°³J¥Õ½èªº½\Ãþ°ò¦¹}³ªº©Ê¯à¤ñ¸û¡G
¬ã ¨s ªÌ | ÀY ¼Æ | Åé
« ½d ³ò ( ½S ) |
¤é ¼W « ( ½S ) | ¹}®Æ¶q¡þ¼W« | ||
SBMa | RSBa | SBM | RSB | |||
¥Í ªø ½Þ | ||||||
Young ( 1967 ) | 24 | 48 ~ 110 | 1.36 | 0.86 | 2.70 | 3.94 |
Combs et al. ( 1967 ) | 30 | 28 ~ 54 | 1.41 | 0.42 | 1.99 | 4.38 |
Combs and wallace ( 1969 )b | 16 | 22 ~ 56 | 1.10 | 0.39 | 2.11 | 3.56 |
Young ( 1972 )b | 24 | 49 ~ 111 | 1.50 | 1.06 | 2.23 | 3.00 |
Yen et al. ( 1972 ) | 20 | 24 ~ 51 | 1.12 | 0.43 | 1.82 | 3.23 |
Young and Smith ( 1973 )b | 72 | 30 ~ 58 | 1.21 | 0.66 | 2.01 | 3004 |
Campbell et al. ( 1984 ) | 30 | 83 ~ 121 | 1.72 | 0.95 | 2.95 | 4.31 |
Crenshaw and Danielson ( 1985 )b | 72 | 50 ~ 100 | 1.63 | 0.81 | 3.23 | 4.59 |
Campbell et al. ( 1985 ) | 36 | 88 ~ 136 | 1.89 | 1.03 | 2.88 | 4.43 |
Campbell et al. ( 1986 ) | 36 | 11 ~ 27 | 0.73 | 0.18 | 1.76 | 4.45 |
«¶q¥§¡È | 360 | 44 ~ 83 | 1.39 | 0.70 | 2.45 | 3.94 |
ªÎ ¨| ½Þ | ||||||
Young ( 1967 ) | 24 | 110 ~ 190 | 1.83 | 1.14 | 3.38 | 4.74 |
Combs and Wallace ( 1969 ) |
8 | 117 ~ 179 | 1.77 | 1.98 | 3.82 | 3.85 |
Hanke et al. ( 1972 )b | 372 | 126 ~ 207 | 1.73 | 1.34 | 3.39 | 4.00 |
Campbell et al. ( 1984 ) | 66 | 140 ~ 212 | 1.62 | 1.14 | 3.42 | 4.57 |
Crenshaw and Danielson ( 1985 )b | 144 | 125 ~ 180 | 1.89 | 1.24 | 3.81 | 4.97 |
Campbell et al. ( 1985 ) | 36 | 136 ~ 245 | 1.52 | 1.23 | 3.84 | 5.20 |
Pontit et al. ( 1987 ) | 68 | 134 ~ 224 | 1.82 | 1.53 | 3.62 | 3.95 |
«¶q¥§¡È |
719 | 128 ~ 205 | 1.75 | 1.31 | 3.53 | 4.33 |
a SBM¡×¶À¨§¯»¡FRSB¡×¥Í¶À¨§ b ¨â²Õ¸ÕÅ窺«¶q¥§¡È
¡@
¡@¡@¤Wz¹êÅ窺µ²ªGºK¿ý©óªí¤@¡AÅã¥Ü·íÂ÷¨Å½Þ©Î¥Íªø½ÞÁý¹}¥Í¶À¨§§@¬°°ß¤@ªº³J¥Õ½è»²§U®Æ®É¡A¨ä¥Íªø³t²v¤ñÁý¹}¥H¶À¨§¯»¬°³J¥Õ½èªº¹}®Æ´î¤Ö 50% ( 0.70 ¤ñ 1.39 ½S¡þ¤Ñ )¡A¦Ó¹}®Æ®Ä²v°§C¬ù 40% ( 3.94 ¤ñ 2.45 ¹}®Æ¶q¡þ¼W« )¡C·í½Þ°¦ªºÅ髤Φ~ÄÖ¼W¥[®É¡A¦ü¥G¸û¯à¾AÀ³¥Í¶À¨§¡A¥Íªø¨ü§í¨îªº±¡§Î¥çÁͽw©M¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¦bªÎ¨|´Á¡A¥Íªø²v§C¸¨ªº¥§¡È¬O 25% ( 1.31 ¤ñ 1.75 ½S¡þ¤Ñ )¡F¦Ó¥Íªø´Á«h¬° 50%¡CªÎ¨|½ÞÁý¹}¥Í¶À¨§®É¡A¹}®Æ®Ä²v°§C 18% ( 4.33 ¤ñ 3.53 ¹}®Æ¶q¡þ¼W« )¡C
¡@¡@¥Í¶À¨§¥ç¨Ï¥Î©óÃh¥¥´Á¤Îªc¨Å´Á¥À½Þªº¹}³§@¬°³J¥Õ½è¤Î¯×ªÕªº»²§U¨Ó·½¡C¦³½ìªº¬O¦bÃh¥¥¥½´Á¤Îªc¨Å´Áªº¹}³¤º¸É¥R¯×ªÕ¥i§ïµ½÷¨Å½Þªº¥Í¦s²v¤ÎÂ÷¨Å« ( Pettigrew 1981 )¡CÃö©ó¥Í¤j¨§Áý¹}Ãh¥¥´Á¤Îªc¨Å´Á¥À½Þªº¼ÆÓ¬ã¨sºKn¦C©óªí¤G¡C
¡@¡@
ªí¤G¡G¥À½ÞÁý¹}¥H¥Í¶À¨§»P¶À¨§¯»¬°³J¥Õ½è·½ªº½\Ãþ°ò¦¹}³¹ï¥À½ÞÁc´Þ©Ê¯àªº¼vÅT
¬ã ¨s ¤H û | ºÛ ¼Æ | ¶À ¨§ ºØ Ãþ | ¥X ¥Í ¥J ½Þ ¼Æ |
Â÷ ¨Å ®É | ªc¨Å´Á¶¡ªºÅé « ÅÜ ¤Æ ( ½S ) |
||
¥J½Þ¼Æ | « ¶q ( ½S ) |
¥Í¦s²v ( % ) |
|||||
Jensen et al. ( 1971 ) | 25 | SBM b RSB bc |
9.1 9.3 |
8.6 8.2 |
15.4 15.0 |
94.5 88.2 |
- 35.0 - 37.0 |
Allee et al. ( 1985 ) | 76 | SBM RSB d |
9.0 9.3 |
8.4 8.9 |
12.1 11.4 |
93.2 95.7 |
- 12.5 - 22.5 |
Crenshaw and Danieson ( 1985 a ) | 176 | SBM RSB c |
10.1 10.5 |
8.3 8.7 |
11.9 11.9 |
82.5 82.8 |
- 15.4 - 15.4 |
Goiz and Crenshaw ( 1986 ) | 50 | SBM SBM+oil b RSB d |
7.9 9.0 8.1 |
6.9 8.2 7.3 |
12.3 12.5 11.0 |
87.3 91.1 90.1 |
¡@ + 0.7 - 4.8 - 7.5 |
Newman et al. ( 1987 ) | 87 | SBM RSB c |
10.1 10.3 |
9.1 8.8 |
12.5 11.0 |
92.1 85.4 |
- 66.0 e - 77.0 e |
a Jensen µ¥¤H ( 1971 ) ªº¬ã¨s¬O¦b 28 ¤éÄÖÂ÷¨Å¡F¨ä¥Lªº¬ã¨s«h¦b 21 ¤éÄÖÂ÷¨Å¡C
b SBM¡×¶À¨§¯»¡FRSB¡×¥Í¶À¨§¯»¡FSBM+oil¡×¶À¨§¯»¡Ïªo¯× ( ¨Ï»P¶À¨§ªº¼ö¯à§t¶q¬Û¦P )¡C
c ¶È¦bÃh¥¥´ÁÁý¹}¥Í¶À¨§¯»¡C
d ¦bÃh¥¥´Á¤Îªc¨Å´ÁÁý¹}¥Í¶À¨§¯»¡C
e ¦ÛÃh¥¥²Ä 110 ¤Ñ¦Ü¤À®Y«á 18 ¤Ñªº¥¢«¡C
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¡@¡@³Ìªñ¡A§ÚÌ«ü¾É¤@Ó¦b Kentucky ¤j¾Ç©Ò°µªº¬ã¨s¡G¥H¥Í¤j¨§§@¬°Ãh¥¥´Á¤Îªc¨Å´Á¥À½Þªº³J¥Õ½è»²§U®Æªºµû¦ô¡C¥À½ÞÁý¹}§t¦³¶Ç²Î¶À¨§¯»¤Î¥Í¶À¨§§@¬°»²§U³J¥Õ½è·½ªº¥É¦Ì°ò¦¹}³ ( ³J¥Õ½è 14% )¡C¬ã¨sµ²ªG¦C©óªí¤T¡CµL½×¨Ï¥Î¦óºØ³J¥Õ½è·½¡A¦bÃh¥¥´Á¥À½Þªº¼W«¤Î¥X¥ÍºÛ¥J¼Æ§¡¬Û¦ü¡C·í¥À½ÞÁý¤©§t¥þ¶À¨§ªº¹}³¥~¡A¤p½Þªº¥X¥Í«²¤«¡A³o¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°Ãh¥¥´Á¯×ªÕªº¼W« ( ¨Ó¦Û¶À¨§ ) ©ÒP¡CµM¦Ó¡A¥À½Þ¦bªc¨Å´ÁÁý¹}§t¥Í¶À¨§ªº¹}³®É¡A¤p½Þ¦bÂ÷¨Å ( 35 ¤éÄÖ ) ®Éªº«¶q´î¤Ö¡C·íÁý¹}¥Í¶À¨§®É¡A¥À½Þ¦bªc¨Å´ÁªºÄṶq°§C¥Bªc¨Å´Áªº¥¢«¼W¥[¡C
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¡@ºÛ¡@¡@¼Æ ¡@¥§¡L¦¸ ¡@Ãh¥¥´Á¼W« ( ½S ) ¡@ªc¨Å´Á«¶qÅÜ¤Æ ( ½S ) ¡@¡@¡@0 ~ 21 ¤Ñ b ¡@¡@¡@0 ~ 35 ¤Ñ b ¡@ªc¨Å´ÁÄṶq ( ½S¡þ¤Ñ ) ¡@¡@¡@0 ~ 21 ¤Ñ b ¡@¡@¡@0 ~ 35 ¤Ñ b ¡@¥J½Þ¼Æ¡þ¨CºÛ ¡@¡@¡@¥X¡@¥Í ¡@¡@¡@21 ¤Ñ ¡@¡@¡@35 ¤Ñ ¡@¥J½Þ¥§¡«¶q ( ½S ) ¡@¡@¡@¥X¡@¥Í ¡@¡@¡@21 ¤Ñ c ¡@¡@¡@35 ¤Ñ b c ¡@¥J½Þ¥Í¦s²v ( % ) ¡@¡@¡@21 ¤Ñ ¡@¡@¡@35 ¤Ñ ¡@Â÷¨Å¦Üµo±¡´Á¤é¼Æ |
56. 3.0 92 ¡@ + 9 + 11 ¡@ 14.8 15.5 ¡@ 9.79 7.70 7.46 ¡@ 2.99 11.81 18.74 ¡@ 80.9 78.8 5.6 |
64 2.7 94 ¡@ - 8 - 11 ¡@ 13.0 13.1 ¡@ 9.77 7.33 7.22 ¡@ 3.10 11.23 16.96 ¡@ 76.9 75.8 4.7 |
a Cromwell et al ( 1987 )
b ³B²z²Õ¶¡ªº®t²§ ( P<0.01 )
c ÁB¥¿«áªººÛ¥J¼Æ
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¡@¡@¤Wzªº¹êÅçµ²ªG¥¿¦p Crenshaw ¤Î Danielson ( 1985 a ) ©Ò¥Ü¡A¥À½Þ¦bÃh¥¥´Á¥i¥HÁý¹}¥Í¶À¨§§@³J¥Õ½è»²§U®Æªº°ß¤@¨Ó·½¡A¹ïÁc´Þ©Ê¯à¨S¦³¥ô¦ó¤£§Qªº¼vÅT¡C¦b¥À½Þ¹ï³J¥Õ½è¤Î¯à¶q»Ýn¶q¼W¥[ªºªc¨Å´Á¹}Áý¥Í¶À¨§¡AÄṶq©úÅ㪺°§C¡A¾ÉPªc¨Å´Áªº¥¢«¼W¥[¤Î¤p½ÞªºÂ÷¨Å«¶q°§C¡C¤p½Þ¦bÂ÷¨Å®ÉªºÅé«°§C´N¦p¦P¦]¬°¥À½Þªºªc¨Å¶q´î¤Ö¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦bªc¨Å´Á¹}³¤£±ÀÂË¥H¥Í¶À¨§§@¬°³J¥Õ½è»²§U®Æªº°ß¤@¨Ó·½¡C
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¡@¡@¦b¦è¤¸ 1986 ¦~¡AHymowitz ¥H°Ó·~¤W¥i¥ÎªºÅܺضÀ¨§ ( Williams 82 ) ¦^¥æµL Kunitz ¯Ø³J¥ÕúA§í¨î¦]¤lªº¿Ë¥N¡Aµo®i¥X¤@ºØ§t§C¶q¯Ø³J¥ÕúA§í¨î¦]¤lªºÅܺضÀ¨§¡C¦^¥æ©Ò²£¥ÍªºÅܺءA¨ä¯Ø³J¥ÕúA§í¨î¦]¤lªº§t¶q¤ñ¤@¯ëªº¥Í¶À¨§¤Ö 1¡þ2¡A¦ý¬O¥¦©Òªí²{ªº¯S¼x«h»P°Ó·~ªºÅܺجۦü¡C
¡@¡@¼ÆÓ¹êÅç¹A³õ¬ã¨s¥H§C¯Ø³J¥ÕúA§í¨î¦]¤l¶À¨§§@¬°½Þ°¦¹}³¤¤ªº³J¥Õ½è·½¡C¬ã¨sµ²ªGºK¿ý©óªí¥|¡C¥Ñ¸ê®ÆÅã¥Ü¡A¥H§C¯Ø³J¥ÕúA§í¨î¦]¤l¶À¨§§@¬°³J¥Õ½è·½¡A¨äÀç¾i»ùÈÀu©ó´¶³q¶À¨§¡CµM¦Ó§C¯Ø³J¥ÕúA§í¨î¦]¤l¶À¨§¤´§t¨¬¶qªº§í¨î¦]¤l¤Î¨ä¥LºØÃþªº§ÜÀç¾i©Ê¤Æ¦Xª«¡A¨¬¥H¾ÉP½Þ°¦©Ê¯à§C¸¨¡A¤×¨ä¬O¦b¦~»´ªº¤p½Þ¡C¥Ñªí¥|¥iª¾¡A·í½Þ°¦Áý¹}¥H¥¼¸g³B²z¤§§C¯Ø³J¥ÕúA§í¨î¦]¤l¶À¨§¬°³J¥Õ½è·½ªº¹}³®É¡A¨ä©Òªí²{ªº©Ê¯à¤¶©óÁý¹}´¶³q¥Í¶À¨§©MÁý¹}´¶³q¶À¨§¯»ªº½Þ°¦¤§¶¡¡C
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¬ã ¨s ªÌ | ÀY ¼Æ | Å髽d³ò ( ½S ) | ¤é¼W« ( ½S ) | ¹}®Æ¶q¡þ¼W« | ||||
CON a | LTI b | RSB b | CON | LTI | RSB | |||
¥Í ªø ½Þ Cook et al. ( 1988 ) Hancock et al ( 1989 ) Giesemann et al. ( 1989 ) ªÎ ¨| ½Þ Cook et al. ( 1988 ) Giesemann et al. ( 1989 ) |
¡@ 36 160 44 ¡@ 48 44 |
¡@ 15 ~ 34 13 ~ 31 48 ~ 103 ¡@ 147 ~ 227 112 ~ 227 |
¡@ 0.96 0.90 1.36 ¡@ 2.09 1.81 |
¡@ 0.63 0.52 1.16 ¡@ 1.91 1.68 |
¡@ 0.46 0.39 0.89 ¡@ 1.83 1.54 |
¡@ 1.98 1.90 2.78 ¡@ 3.43 3.39 |
¡@ 2.59 2.38 3.13 ¡@ 3.41 3.70 |
¡@ 4.24 2.86 3.70 ¡@ 3.70 3.85 |
a CON¡×¹ï·Ó²Õ¡FCook µ¥¤H ( 1988 ) ªº¬ã¨s¬O¨Ï¥Î¶À¨§¯»¡C¨ä¥Lªº¬ã¨s«h¨Ï¥Î¯MµH¹Lªº¥þ¯×¶À¨§
b LTI¡×¥Íªº§C¯Ø³J¥ÕúA§í¨î¦]¤l¶À¨§¡FRSB¡×´¶³qªº¥Í¶À¨§
¡@
¡@¡@Kentucky ¤j¾Ç¥H¸Ë¦³°j¸z®MºÞªº½Þ°¦§@¬ã¨s¡A«ü¥X§C¯Ø³J¥ÕúA§í¨î¦]¤l¶À¨§ªºÓi°ò»Ä¥Íª«¥i§Q¥Î²v°ª©ó¤@¯ë¶À¨§ ( ªí ¤ )¡CKoehler µ¥¤H ( 1988 ) ¤]¦³Ãþ¦üªº³ø§i¡C¦b§Ú̪º¬ã¨s¤¤¡A±N§C¯Ø³J¥ÕúA§í¨î¦]¤l¶À¨§¥[¼ö¡A¥i§ó¶i¤@¨B¦a´£°ªÓi°ò»Äªº¥i§Q¥Î²v¡A¦ý¨äÓi°ò»Äªº»ùȤ´§C©ó¸g¹L¥[¤u³B²zªº¶À¨§¯»¡C
¡@
ªí¤¡G´ú¶q¥Íªº¤Î¼ö³B²z¹Lªº§C¯Ø³J¥ÕúA§í¨î¦]¤l¶À¨§¥H¤Î´¶³q¶À¨§ªºÂ÷Ói»Ä
¡Bßm¤BÓi»Ä¡B´áªº¥Íª«¥i§Q¥Î²v¡A¥H§@¬°°j¸z¥½ºÝªºªí±¥i®ø¤Æ²v a
Ói°ò»Ä©Î´á | ´¶ ³q ¶À ¨§ | §C¯Ø³J¥ÕúA§í¨î¦]¤l¶À¨§ | ¶À ¨§ ¯» | ||
¥Í ªº | ¼ö ³B ²z | ¥Í ªº | ¼ö ³B ²z | ||
¡@ | ªí ± ¥i ®ø ¤Æ ²v ( % ) | ||||
Â÷ Ói »Ä ßm¤BÓi»Ä ´á |
59.8 51.5 57.5 |
70.5 66.0 74.4 |
66.9 59.0 60.0 |
77.4 73.0 74.8 |
85.6 81.0 83.1 |
a Herkelman et al. ( 1989 )
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¡@¡@¥þ¶À¨§ªº¼ö³B²z±`¨Ï¥ÎÀ½À£¤Î¯MµH¨âºØ¥[¤uªk¡CÀ½À£ªk¬O±N¥þ¶À¨§¹wÀã«á¡A¦b°ªÀ£¨Ãª`¤J¼ö»]¨T¤U¡A¥Î¤OÀ½À£¨Ï¤§³q¹L¼Ò¤Õ¡C¥þ¶À¨§¦b 300¢KªºÀ½À£¾÷¤º°±¯d 30 ¬í«áÀ½¥X¡C¯MµHªk«h¬O¨Ï¶À¨§³q¹L 230 ~ 260¢Kªº¯MµH¾÷¬ù 2 ~ 5 ¤ÀÄÁ¡C
¡@¡@¯MµHªkªºÀuÂI¬O¥þ¶À¨§ªº²ÓM¾À¨S¦³¯}µõ¡Aªo¯×¦]¦Ó¤£·|¼ÉÅS©óªÅ®ð¤¤ ( À½À£ªk«h¤£µM )¡A¦]¦¹¶À¨§¦b¶JÂôÁ¶¡¥ç¸û¤£©ö»G±Ñ¡CµM¦Ó¡A¯MµHªk»s¦¨ªº¶À¨§¤ñÀ½À£ªk©ö¦³¹L¼ö©Î¥[¼ö¤£¨¬ªº²{¶H¡CªÅ®ðªº·Å«×¡B¶À¨§ªº·Å«×¡B®ðÀ£¡B¶À¨§ªº¤ô¤À§t¶q¤Î¶À¨§³q¹L¯MµH¾÷ªº³t²v³£·|¼vÅT¦¨«~ªº«~¯Å¡CY±±¨î¤£·í±N²£¥Í¥[¼ö¤£¨¬ªº¶À¨§¡A§ÜÀç¾i¦]¤l¦]¦ÓµLªk§¹¥þ¯}Ãa¡C¥[¼ö¹L«×¤]¦³®`³B¡A¦]¬°Ói°ò»Ä¤Î¨ä¥LÀç¾i¥÷©ö¾D³¡¥÷¯}Ãa¡C¹L«×¥[¼ö·|¾ÉPÂ÷Ói»ÄªºÓi°ò»P¨ä¥L¤Æ¦Xª«µ²¦X¡A³y¦¨Ói°ò»ÄµLªk³Q°Êª«§Q¥Î¡C
¡@¡@¨Ï¥Î¥[¤u«áªº¥þ¯×¶À¨§¯»©ó½Þ°¦¹}³¤¤ªº¥Dnì¦]¤§¤@¬O¥i´£¨ÑÃB¥~ªº¯à¶q¡C¶À¨§¬ù§t 18%ªºªo¯×¡A¦]¦¹¦b¹}®Æ°t¤è¤¤¨Ï¥Î 28 ~ 30%ªº¶À¨§¯»¡A¥Hº¡¨¬¥Íªø½ÞªºÂ÷Ói»Ä»Ýn¶q ( ¬ù 0.8% )¡C°²Y³o¼Ë¡A¦b¹}³¤¤¶À¨§¯»¥i´£¨Ñ¬ù 5%ªº¯×ªÕ¦Ó¥É¦Ì´£¨Ñ 2 ~ 3%ªº¯×ªÕ¡C¦b¥É¦Ì¡V¶À¨§¯»ªº¶Ç²Î¹}³¤¤¡A¥[¥H¥þ¯×¨§¯»¥N´À¶À¨§¯»¡A«h¨C½S¹}³´£°ª¬ù 100 Kcal ªº¥NÁ¯à ( ME )¡C¤@¯ë¦Ó¨¥¡AÁý¹}§t°ª¯à¶qªº¹}³¡A¹ï¼W«ªº³t²v»P®Ä²v²¤¦³§U¯q¡C¦b³oºØ±¡ªp¤U¡A±OÅ骺ªÎº¡«×¥ç¼W¥[¡C³Ì¤jªºÀuÂI¦b©ó¹}³¤¤²K¥[¯×ªÕ¥i°§C±K³¬½ÞªÙ¤ºªº¯»¹Ð¸´¡CªÅ®ð«~½èªº§ïµ½¡A¤£¶È¥i´î¤Ö¥Íªø¡VªÎ¨|½ÞªºªÍ³¡·l¶Ëªºµo¥Í¡AÁÙ¥iºû«ù¨Ã«ì´_©I§l¨t²Îªº°·±d¡C
¡@¡@¨Ï¥Î¥[¤u«áªº¥þ¯×¶À¨§¯»©ó½Þ°¦¹}³¤¤ªº¬ã¨sºK¿ý©óªí¤»¤Îªí¤C¡C¥Ñªí¤»ªº¸ê®ÆÅã¥Ü¡AÂ÷¨Å¥J½Þ¤Î¥Íªø½Þªº¹}³¨Ï¥Î¥þ¯×¶À¨§¯»²¤³Ó©ó¨Ï¥Î©ó¥É¦Ì¡V¶À¨§¯»¹}³¡C³¡¤ÀÂk¦]©óèÂ÷¨Åªº¤p½Þ¦bÂ÷¨Å«á¼Æ¶g¤º©|¤£¯à¦³®Äªº§Q¥Î¯×ªÕ¡C( Frobish µ¥¤H¡A1969¡FLeibbrandt µ¥¤H¡A1975 )¡C¦b¥Íªø¡VªÎ¨|½Þªº¬ã¨s¤¤ ( ªí ¤C )¡AÁý¹}¥[¤u«á¤§¥þ¯×¶À¨§¯»¹ï¥Íªø³t²v¤Î¹}®Æ®Ä²v²¤¦³§ïµ½¡CµM¦Ó¥Ñ¸ê®Æ¤¤¥çÅã¥Ü¡A¥þ¯×¶À¨§¯»¥ç¦³»¹©ó¼ö¯à§t¶q¬Û¦Pªº¥É¦Ì¡B¶À¨§¯»¤Î¸É§U¯×ªÕ¹}³¤§³B¡C
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¬ã ¨s ªÌ | ÀY ¼Æ | Å髽d³ò ( ½S ) |
¼ö ³B ²z ªk | ¤é ¼W « ( ½S ) | ¹} ®Æ ¶q¡þ¼W « | ||||
SBM a | SBM¡Ïoil a | PSB a | SBM | SBM¡Ïoil | PSB | ||||
Combs and wallace ( 1969 ) b |
16 | 22 ~56 | ¥[ À£ »] ®ð ªk | 1.10 | --- | 0.86 | 2.11 | --- | 1.91 |
Noland et al. ( 1969 ) |
30 | 36 ~ 110 | À½ ¥X ªk | 1.48 | 1.55 | 1.56 | 2.64 | 2.42 | 2.43 |
Zlnmerman ( 1970 ) b | 99 | 11 ~ 51 | ¬õ¥~½u³B²zªk | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.93 | 1.83 | 1.71 | 1.74 |
Noland et al. ( 1970 ) | 64 | 30 ~ 56 | ¬õ¥~½u³B²zªk | --- | 1.12 | 1.11 | --- | 1.80 | 1.90 |
Young et al. ( 1972 ) b | 24 | 49 ~ 111 | Àã ¼ö ªk | 1.50 | --- | 1.51 | 2.23 | --- | 2.15 |
Hanke et al. ( 1972 ) | 360 | 57 ~ 125 | ¯M µH ªk | 1.73 | --- | 1.70 | 2.70 | --- | 2.53 |
Rust et al. ( 1972 ) b | 558 | 14 ~ 55 | °® ¦¡ ¯M µH ªk | 1.04 | --- | 0.93 | 1.85 | --- | 1.88 |
Carisle et al. ( 1973 ) | 60 | 17 ~ 50 | À½ ¡@À£¡@ ªk | 0.77 | --- | 0.79 | 2.27 | --- | 2.06 |
Faber and Zimmerman ( 1973 ) b | 144 | 11 ~ 52 | À½ ¡@À£¡@ ªk | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.93 | 1.82 | 1.71 | 1.74 |
Young and Smith ( 1973 ) b | 72 | 30 ~ 65 | Àã ¡@¼ö¡@ ªk | 1.21 | --- | 1.15 | 2.01 | --- | 2.06 |
Noland et al. ( 1976 ) | 54 | 18 ~ 35 | À½¡@ À£¡@ ªk | 0.64 | --- | 0.58 | 1.94 | --- | 2.09 |
Zamora and Veum ( 1979 ) | 32 | 30 ~ 72 | ¥[ À£ »] ®ð ªk | --- | 1.25 | 1.14 | --- | 2.27 | 2.33 |
Myer and Froseth ( 1983 ) | 48 | 16 ~ 50 | À½ ¡@À£¡@ ªk | --- | 0.94 | 0.99 | --- | 1.75 | 1.61 |
Campbell et al. ( 1984 ) | 36 | 83 ~ 131 | ¯M ¡@µH¡@ ªk | 1.72 | --- | 1.67 | 2.95 | --- | 2.94 |
Campbell et al. ( 1985 ) | 54 | 88 ~ 136 | ¯M ¡@µH ¡@ªk | 1.89 | --- | 1.68 | 2.88 | --- | 3.25 |
Danielson ( 1988 ) a | 120 | 13 ~ 26 | À½ ¡@À£ ¡@ªk | 0.50 | --- | 0.48 | 1.54 | --- | 1.57 |
«¶qªº¥§¡È | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ |
S B M vs P S B | 1,627 | ¡@ | ¡@ | 1.19 | --- | 1.12 | 2.12 | --- | 2.09 |
S B M + oil vs P S B | 417 | ¡@ | ¡@ | --- | 1.06 | 1.02 | --- | 1.83 | 1.85 |
a SBM¡×¶À¨§¯»¡FSBM¡Ïoil¡×¶À¨§¯»¡Ïªo¯× ( ¨Ï¤§¼ö¯à§t¶q»P¶À¨§¬Û¦P )¡FPSB¡×¼ö³B²z¹Lªº¥þ¯×¶À¨§
b ¦¹¼Æ¾Ú¬°¨â²Õ¸ÕÅ礧«¶q¥§¡È
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ªí¤C¡G¥Íªø¡VªÎ¨|½ÞÁý¹}§t¦³¶À¨§¯»©Î¥[¤u«á¤§¥þ¯×¶À¨§ªº½\Ãþ°ò¦¹}³ªº©Ê¯à¤ñ¸û
¬ã ¨s ªÌ | ÀY ¼Æ | Å髽d³ò ( ½S ) |
¼ö ³B ²z ªk | ¤é ¼W « ( ½S ) | ¹} ®Æ ¶q¡þ¼W « | ||||
SBM a | SBM¡Ïoil a | PSB a | SBM | SBM¡Ïoil | PSB | ||||
Jimenez et al. ( 1963 ) b | 48 | 38 ~ 207 | À½¡@ À£ ¡@ªk | 1.63 | 1.59 | 1.64 | 3.41 | 3.06 | 3.16 |
Combs and wallace ( 1969 ) | 8 | 117 ~ 179 | ¥[ À£ »] ®ð ªk | 1.77 | --- | 1.99 | 3.82 | --- | 3.57 |
Noland et al. ( 1970 ) b | 66 | 61 ~ 199 | ¬õ¥~½u³B²zªk | 1.79 | 1.80 | 1.72 | 3.20 | 3.02 | 3.10 |
Wahistrom et al. ( 1971 ) | 72 | 65 ~ 205 | ¯M ¡@µH ¡@ªk | 1.85 | --- | 1.87 | 3.36 | --- | 3.15 |
Hanke et al. ( 1972 ) b | 648 | 126 ~ 211 | ¯M ¡@µH ¡@ªk c | 1.73 | --- | 1.83 | 3.42 | --- | 3.31 |
Olson et al. ( 1973 ) | 80 | 44 ~ 260 | ¯M ¡@ µH ¡@ ªk | 1.56 | --- | 1.61 | 3.10 | --- | 3.38 |
Carlisle et al. ( 1973 ) | 84 | 105 ~ 215 | ¯M ¡@µH ¡@ªk c | 1.64 | --- | 1.73 | 3.13 | --- | 2.83 |
Seerley et al. ( 1974 ) | 46 | 64 ~ 209 | ¯M ¡@ µH ¡@ªk | 1.45 | 1.41 | 1.45 | 3.75 | 3.79 | 3.82 |
McConnell et al. ( 1975 ) | 192 | 46 ~ 222 | ¯M ¡@µH ¡@ªk | 1.69 | --- | 1.74 | 3.27 | --- | 3.30 |
Hitchcock et al. ( 1979 ) | 54 | 59 ~ 217 | À½ ¡@À£ ¡@ªk | 1.71 | --- | 1.80 | 3.44 | --- | 3.23 |
Myer and Froseth ( 1983 ) | 24 36 |
48 ~ 200 40 ~ 203 |
À½ ¡@ À£¡@ ªk ¬õ¥~½u³B²zªk |
--- 1.51 |
1.50 1.59 |
156 1.59 |
--- 3.56 |
3.01 3.24 |
3.28 3.32 |
Campbell et al. ( 1984 ) b | 72 | 144 ~ 226 | ¯M¡@ µH ¡@ªk | 1.62 | --- | 1.48 | 3.42 | --- | 3.29 |
Crenshaw and Danielson ( 1985 ) c | 144 | 70 ~ 224 | ¯M¡@ µH ¡@ªk | 1.75 | --- | 1.78 | 3.41 | --- | 3.31 |
Campbell et al. ( 1985 ) | 54 | 136 ~ 245 | ¯M¡@ µH ¡@ªk | 1.52 | --- | 1.50 | 3.84 | --- | 4.00 |
Waiker et al. ( 1987 ) | 48 | 40 ~ 230 | ¯M¡@ µH ¡@ªk | 1.87 | --- | 1.83 | 3.05 | --- | 3.03 |
Danielson et al. ( 1988 ) b | 64 | 48 ~ 220 | ¯M¡@ µH ¡@ªk | 2.00 | --- | 1.95 | 2.99 | --- | 2.79 |
Cromwell et al. ( 1989 ) | 48 | 72 ~ 211 | ¯M¡@ µH ¡@ªk | 2.02 | 2.07 | 2.01 | 3.26 | 3.07 | 3.20 |
«¶q¥§¡È | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ |
SBM vs PSB | 1,764 | 73 ~ 211 | ¡@ | 1.72 | --- | 1.76 | 3.36 | --- | 3.27 |
SBM+oil vs PSB | 268 | 56 ~ 205 | ¡@ | --- | 1.69 | 1.68 | --- | 3.20 | 3.30 |
a SBM¡×¶À¨§¯»¡FSBM¡Ïoil¡×¶À¨§¯»¥[ªo¯× ( ¨Ï¨ä¼ö¯à§t¶q»P¶À¨§¬Û¦P )¡FPSB¡×¼ö³B²z¹Lªº¥þ¯×¶À¨§
b ¦¹¼Æ¾Ú¬°¨â²Õ¹êÅ窺«¶q¥§¡È
c ¨Ï¥Î¯MµHªk¤ÎÀ½À£ªk»s¦¨ªº¶À¨§§@¬°³J¥Õ½è»²§U·½
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